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Most useful EPA documents
NADA Regulatory Affaris Response to ONAC Docket 81-02 (Medium and Heavy Trucks) ANR-490
May 1981
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National Ambient Noise Survey
Mark M. Hansen
January 1982
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The objectives, methodology, and results of a national survey of outdoor noise environments in urban residential areas are discussed. The objectives were to determine overall noise levels, source contributions, and patterns of spatial and temporal variation in these areas, along with the effect of three locational factors on these parameters. The survey employed a randomized site selection procedure, a startified sampling strategy, and a multifaceted measurement protocol to meet these objectives. Results of the survey include a simple model which predicts Ldn in these areas, projections of nationwide noise impact, average source contributions and temporal noise level histories and average variations in noise level at different locations around residential units.
National Association of Neighborhoods - Neighborhoods Organizations Can Benefit from "Buy Quiet" Programs Started by Local Governments
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National Association of Noise Control Officials Response to ONAC Docket 81-02 (Medium and Heavy Trucks) ANR-490
April 1981
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National Automobile Dealers Association - Comments on Noise Emission Standards: Medium and Heavy Trucks and Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors
April 1981
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The National Aviation System Challenges of the Decade Ahead - 1977-1986
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In this document are summarized the Federal Aviation Administration's plans for the development of the National Aviation System (NAS) over the next ten years. It has been prepared for two purposes: -To advise the aviation community of FAA's current activities, and -To provide a basis for dialogue between the FAA and industry regarding the future of the NAS.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program - Summary of Progress Through 1988
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This Summary of Progress is a compilation of information on all projects initiated under the NCHRP from its inception in 1962 through 1988. Annually, for 27 years, the National Cooperative Highway Research Program has issued a Summary of Progress comprised of up-to-date status reports on all on-going projects and brief statements on those that have been completed. With rising publication costs, and in the interest of keeping this book within manageable size, future summaries will not contain the completed projects that are found in this volume. Therefore, it is suggested that this edition be preserved as the last complete source of information on all NCHRP projects. Subsequent editions will update the Summary of Progress series, including only projects active after January 1, 1989.
National Exposure to Highway Noise Through the Year 2000
Kenneth J. Plotkin
July 1979
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National Institute of Governmental Purchasing, Inc. - NIGP Purchase Description - Tractors, Industrial, with Loader and Backhoe
March 1982
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This suggested purchase description has been prepared by the National Institute of Gevernmental Purchasing, Inc. (NIGP), in cooperation with the Federal Supply Service, G.S.A., local and state government ourchasing agencies, and industry representatives. It includes a maximum exterior sound level requirement and a bid evaluation formula which considers purchase price, exterior sound level, fuel costs, preventative maintenance costs, quaranteed maintenance price, and the guaranteed buy back price offered.
National League of Cities - Environmental Report - Buying Quiet is Good Buying Practice
March 1982
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National League of Cities - The Buy Quiet Program
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National Measure of Aircraft Noise Impact Through the Year 2000
Carroll Bartel; Larry Godby; Louis Sutherland
June 1975
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This program was undertaken for the Office of Noise Abatement and Control, Environmental Protection Agency, to evaluate the nationwide community impact of aircraft noise through the year 2000, considering a number of aircraft/airport noise reduction alternatives. The study was based on the evaluation of operations of three airports - Los Angeles International, St. Louis, and Washington Dulles. Primary noise reduction alternatives were applied at each of the facilities for the 1987 and 2000 time periods. Secondary abatement alternatives were evaluated for 1987 only. The effectiveness of the various alternatives was measured in terms of the total area impacted under the NEF 30 and 40 contours at the three airports. This area was then increased by a constant factor to obtain an estimate of the impact at the national level. The report also contains an estimate of the total area within the NEF 20 contours and the impacted land area for NEF 20, 30, and 40 exclusive of airport property and water. This study utilized, in part, the much more detailed results for 23 airports from the "Airport Noise Reduction Forecast" study recently completed by Wyle for the Department of Transportation. However, this study differs substancially from the Department of Transportation program in that it is based on analysis at only three airports, includes no cost or population data, extends beyond the year 1987, and focuses only on estimating trends in aircraft noise impact to the year 2000 in order to evaluate the potential requirement for research on new aircraft/airport noise reduction alternatives which may not currently be under development.
National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model - Model Description and Data Base
Fred Rudder Jr.; Larry Ronk; Barbara Hutchenson
November 1979
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This report describes the National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model. This Model is a computer simulation of the national roadway network, the noise generated by traffic on the network, and the predicted effects of the noise on the national population. The Model simulates time-varying conditions, using input data, to characterize traffic conditions and population growth from the baseline year (1974) to user-defined future years. To characterize the effects of noise on the national population, the Model is subdivided into two sub-models: the General Adverse Response Model and the Single Event Model. The report describes each sub-model and the common data base used by the sub-models. The structure of the models and the interaction with the various elements of the common data base are described. Example vehicle noise emission standards are presented to illustrate the use of the Model. Predictions resulting from the Model simulation are compared with available empirical data.
National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model - Part IV: Programming User's Manual; Level 1
March 1979
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The User's Manual for the National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model consists of two volumes: Level I, which describes the system and provides basic information for regular users of the system; and Level II, which describes in detail how the system works. As described in Section 4 of the Level I Manual, a regular user may change the Regulation Scenario, time stream net and other control strings. In addition to running the Model, the system also provides for easy data file construction and a comprehensive job record system, including an interrogator. The Level I Manual is the "how-to" manual; the aim is to allow one to use the model with minimum pick-up time. The Level II Manual contains a detailed description of the system, and consists of nine sections: Section 1 is this Scope of the Manuals, Sections 2 through 7 are the documentation ofthe Min Code, and Sections 8 and 9 are the documentation of the Support Procedure System (SPS). Section 8 contains a detailed description of the inner workings of the SPS, including full I/O specifications for the procedures and default values. Many error messages are also explained.
National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model (NRTNEM) - Programmer's Manual
December 1981
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The National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model (NRTNEM) is comprised of a collection of on-line datasets, some containing programs and others containing data. This manual describes the NRTNEM system as it existed on the NCC (EPA's National Computer Center) in December 1981, under user ID EPADYN. NRTNEM actually consists of two models: The General Adverse Response Model ("GAR"), and the Single Event Model ("SEM"). Only one of them can be executed by a job at a time. The User's Manual describes job submission procedures. This manual describes the NRTNEM system in more detail so as to facilitate program maintenance. This manual is organized from two points of view: present first those items the user first comes into contact with, and go from the general to the specific. Accordingly, the general properties of files and datasets are dexcribed first, and the coding details are last.
National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model (NRTNEM) - User's Manual
December 1981
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The National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model (NRTNEM) is comprised of a collection of on-line datasets, some containing programs and others containing data. The manual describes the job submission procedures required to run the NRTNEM as it existed on the NCC (EPA's National Computer Center) in December, 1981, under user ID EPADYN. The NRTNEM actually consists of two models: The General Adverse Response Model ("GAR"), and the Single Event Model ("SEM"). Only one of them can be executed by a job at one time. The Programmer's Manual describes the NRTNEM system in more detail to facilitate program maintenance. The NRTNEM was designed for and runs on an IBM/370 computer under MVS, with TSO (the Time Sharing Option) and WYLBUR, the latter two being conversational direct-access systems.
National Solid Wastes Management Association Response to ONAC Docket 81-02 (Medium and Heavy Trucks) ANR-490
April 1981
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National Surface Transportation Noise Strategy - Medium and Heavy Trucks, Light Vehicles, Motorcycles, and Snowmobiles
October 1978
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This surface transportation substrategy is a follow-up to Toward a National Strategy for Noise Control. The strategy document sets forth the extent of the noise problem in the United States and the general framework for its abatement and control. This substrategy identifies the specific noise problems which stem from surface transportation vehicles (excluding railroads), and suggests the noise abatement controls which should be used to halt this growing problem.
Nation's Cities - "A Special Report - How Cities Combat Noise"
May 1978
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The New 700 - Two in One 110dB Dynamic Range Dosimeter/Sound Level Meter
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Noise - A Community Problem: A Community Solution - Facts About the ECHO Program
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In 1976, the Environmental Protection Agency established a program called Each Community Helps Others (ECHO). Its purpose: to help communities with scarce resources solve their noise problems by working with expert advisors from other communities that have faced and met similar challenges. This assistance costs the communities receiving it nothing - but time, effort, and commitment to reduce noise.
Noise - How Much is Too Much?
Henning E. von Gierke
May 1975
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Henning E. von Gierke contends that enough is known about the effects of noise on people to produce guidelines for maximum noise levels. Adopted by the Environmental Protection Ageny, these guidelines are designed to protect the public with an adequate margin of safety against hearing loss from occupational and environmental noise exposures and against interference with speech or other activities indoors or outdoors in residential areas.
Noise - Reprinted for The Tenth Annual Report of the Council on Environmental Quality
December 1979
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Originally published as Chapter 9 of "Environmental Quality-1979: The Tenth Annual Report of the Council on Environmental Quality", this report explores the effects of noise, discusses how noise problems can be measured and what can be done about them, and describes actions now being taken at various levels of government to abate noise. We hope that it aids public understanding of the noise problem and stimulates support for measures which will improve our communities.
Noise: A Challenge to Cities
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Noise: A Health Problem
August 1978
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Noise: A Health Problem
April 1978
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Noise: A Health Problem
August 1978
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Noise Analysis of Selected Rail Corridors for the Proposed ATSF/SPT Operations Merger
Hugh J. Saurenman; David A. Towers; Carl E. Hanson
June 1986
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This report summarizes the detailed analysis of noise impact that will result from the proposed merger of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company (ATSF) and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company (SPT). Four of the corridors identified in the November 11, 1985 environmental assessment prepared by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) have been evaluated....
Noise and its Measurement
January 1981
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Noise and its Measurement
February 1977
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Noise and Urban Pedestrian Areas
Thomas Markowski
November 1980
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This study consists of three reports which treat the subject of noise within the context of urban pedestrian areas. The main concern of the study is noise mitigation, although its contents cover a wide range of topics related to noise in the urban environment. The first report provides a description of existing noise mitigation techniques which have application to pedestrian improvement areas. The second report summarizes the actual application of noise mitigation techniques to pedestrian areas based on the results of a questionnaire sent to pedestrian projects throughout the country. The second report also includes the formulation of noise abatment criteria for the design of Broadway Plaza, a proposed pedestrian project in New York City. The third report analyzes actual noise levels and attitudes by pedestrians toward noise in several public plazas in New York CIty based on actual noise monitoring and attitudinal surveys in the plazas.
Noise and Vibration Characteristics of High Speed Transit Vehicles
June 1971
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The rapidly epanding problems of urban transportation have resulted in intensified activity in the development and construction of new fixed route, high speed rapid transit systems and equipment. The community noise and ground vibration cause by such systems and vehicles is a very important factor influencing public acceptance of these systems. Noise and vibration measurements obtained within modern operational and experimental transit vehicles provide a basis for determining the expected wayside or community airborne noise and ground-borne vibration levels for different types of new transit systems. Through the use of modern design concepts and equipment intended to provide reduced noise and vibration, the wayside noise and vibration caused by rapid transit system vehicles can be made acceptable and the operations can be much quieter than traditionally expected despite the general increase in speed of the newer systems which tends to increase noise and vibration. The purpose of this report is to present a review of the available information on wayside noise and vibration generated by rapid transit vehicles, primarily rail transit vehicles, including projection of the expected noise and vibration levels for highway speed vehicles being considered for future applications.
Noise Around Our Homes
February 1977
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Noise Around Our Homes
March 1980
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Noise Assessment Guidelines
Theodore J. Schultz; Nancy M. McMahon
August 1971
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The Department of Housing and Urban Development, in its efforts to provide decent housing and a suitable living environment, is concerned with noise as a major source of environmental pollution and has issued the Department Circular 1390,2 on Noise Abatement and Control. In furtherance of Section 4a of the Circular, the Office of Research and Technology has sponsored research to provide site screening techniques. These Noise Assessment Guidelines do not constitute established policy of the Department. Their use as a site "screening tool" is encouraged so that HUD may evaluate their utility.
Noise Barrier Attenuation: Field Experience
Myles A. Simpson
February 1976
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A noise measurement program was undertaken at ten field sites at which a variety of noise barriers have been constructed, in order to compare measured values of barrier attenuation with analytical projections. Barrier types included in the study were concrete, masonry and wooden walls, and berms of various shapes. The measured attenuation values were compared with attenuations predicted by the Kurze-Anderson Infinite Line Source Model of barrier attenuation. The analysis indicated that the model predicts barrier attenuation equally well at all locations behind the barrier. On the average, the model under predicts the measured attenuation by 1 to 2 dB. The model works best for thin vertical walls, while the largest underpredictions generally occur for berms.
Noise Control - Basic Techniques of Quieting with Owens-Corning Acoustical Materials
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The Noise Control Act of 1972 as amended by The Quiet Communities Act of 1978
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Noise Control for Mechanical Equipment
September 1970
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This manual presents: (a) data for estimating noise levels for operation of electrical and mechanical equipment most frequently used in buildings, and basic noise criteria for determining acceptable noise and vibration levels of that equipment in buildings; (b) characteristics of various treatments available to control noise and vibration in buildings, and criteria to achieve satisfactory noise level environments within buildings; and related information.
Noise Control for Reciprocating and Turbine Engines Driven by Natural Gas and Liquid Fuel
December 1969
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This manual has been prepared for the American Gas Association and its member companies by the acoustical consulting firm of Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. This semi-technical manual is directed towards architects, mechanical engineers, structural engineers, building owners, potential natural gas customers and gas company personnel. Noise of reciprocating and turbine engines, fueled by natural gas and liquid fuel, can be controlled, and many successful installations throughout the country can attest to this. This manual provides data, guidelines and procedures for the design of quiet installations. Although the engine noise data summarized in this manual represent a rather thorough study of over 120 turbine and reciprocating engines, there is no intention to suggest that these data are so complete that they could form the basis for setting up a "standard" on engine noise. This is not the objective of this manual. In fact engine noise data are offered only to permit a quantitative approach to noise control. Please do not consider this manual as any type of industrial "standard" on engine noise!
Noise Control Ordinance Development: A Guidebook for Local Officials
May 1982
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The future of America's cities depends on how effectively they can compete as desirable places in which to live and work. Much of their attractiveness is determined by the quality of their environment. Noise is adversely affecting the quality of urban life and is a threat to the public health, safety, and welfare of our cities' residents. NLC is committed to assisting communities throughout the United States in resolving their various noise problems through the Community and Airport ECHO Program, by promoting the "Buy Quiet" program, and by preparing this publication to emphasize the important steps that a community should take in developing a noise control ordinance. This publication is a step-by-step guide that local officials can use as they undertake the ordinance development process.
Noise Control Program - Progress to Date
April 1979
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Noise Control Program Progress To Date
April 1979
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Noise Control Technology Evaluation for Supersonic Transport Category Aircraft
Kenneth M. Eldred
July 1980
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Noise control technology applicable to supersonic transport (SST) category aircraft is evaluated in view of the restraints of the Noise Control Act of 1972, which restricts both the EPA and the FAA to noise regulations that meet considerations of "safety, economic reasonableness, technological practicability, and appropriateness to type of aircraft." The effect of such constraints on the design goal for second-generation SSTs is considered. The report contains five sections. Section 2 develops a basic perspective on the noise of subsonic and supersonic aircraft and the general relationships between their airframe and engine performance characteristics, noise certification standards and noise impact. Section 3 summarizes the status of individual elements of noise control technology including engine, aerodynamics, and operational procedures. Section 4 reviews some of the integrated airfram-engine noise integration studies, and Section 5 attempts to summarize where noise and the SST stand with respect to technology. This report is based on information developed and made available prior to Fall 1978.
Noise Criteria for Buildings: A Critical Review
Simone L. Yaniv; Daniel R. Flynn
January 1978
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A review is given of existing criteria that could be applied to rating the noise environment in dwellings, to rating noise isolation between dwellings, and to rating noise isolation from outside to inside a dwelling. It is concluded that the central problem is to select appropriate criteria for rating the interior noise environment. Once this is done, criteria for noise isolation can be derived directly and these in turn can be used to derive performance requirements for building elements, such as partitions and exterior walls.
Noise Criteria for Dwelling: A Critical Review
Simon L. Yaner; Daniel R. Flynn
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Noise Effects Handbook: A Desk Reference to Health and Welfare Effects of Noise
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Noise Effects Handbook: A Desk Reference to Health and Welfare Effects of Noise
July 1981
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This desk reference contains thmost up-to-date scientific information on the health effects of noise in a "Question and Answer" format designed for technical ro semi-technical audiences such as State and local Noise Control Officials or the general public.
Noise Effects of Concorde Operations at John F. Kennedy International Airport - November 1977 through November 1978
William C. Sperry
April 1979
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The FAA measured the noise at several communities in the vicinity of JFK International Airport due to the operations of Concorde and subsonic aircraft. The FAA reports are factual and valuable but do not provide much discussion of the effects (current or potential) of Concorde noise on the Public. This report presents the results of an analysis by the EPA of the FAA noise data which leads to interpretations of the effects of Concorde operations on the public that are different in significant respect from what might be assumed from a cursory reading of the FAA reports. The EPA analysis of the noise levels shows that Concorde arrival noise was as much as 6 dB noisier than expected from FAR 36 test results and that Concorde operations alone establish a noise floor which under some projected numbers of operations exceed EPA goals for noise exposure. The significance of the noise floor is that regardless of whatever noise control is implemented in the future in regard to subsonic aircraft, the noise exposure will not decrease below the limiting levels set by Concordes. If there were 32 Concorde operations per day at JFK, for instance, only 7,000 people out of 188,000 exposed to Ldn 65 (NEF 30) would recieve any relief even if the subsonic fleet were significantly silenced after 1985. The EPA analysis of the record of complaints shows that there were about 100 times more complaints per Concorde operations than there were per subsonic operation.
Noise Emission Measurements for Regulatory Purposes
D.R. Flynn; W.A. Leasure Jr.; A.I. Rubin; M.A. Cadoff
March 1977
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A review is given of the measurement needs attendant to regulation of the noise generated and emitted by commercial products. The emphasis is primarily on measurement procedures for use in conjunction with point-of-sale regulations as opposed to regulations on the noise which a source actually emits when in operation. The report is divided into three major parts. Part I is a discussion of overall measurement requirements and the type of data and information which are needed in order to promulgate regulations based on appropriate measurement techniques. Part II is designed as a checklist for the evaluation of the suitability of a noise measurement standard for a particular class of products or, in the absence of a suitable standard, as a framework for development of one. The intent is to identify and discuss in some detail those factors which can impact on the accuracy, precision, and applicability of a noise measurement process. Part III consists of a series of flow charts depicting the development appropriate procedures for the measurement of product noise emission.
Noise Emission Regulation for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors (TMSWC) (Refuse Collection Vehicles (RCVs) or Garbage Trucks) (40 CFR Part 205) - Backgrounder
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Noise Emission Regulation for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors (TMSWC) (Refuse Collection Vehicles (RCVs) or Garbage Trucks) (40 CFR Part 205) - Fact Sheet
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Noise Emission Regulation for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors (TMSWC) (Refuse Collection Vehicles (RCVs) or Garbage Trucks) (40 CFR Part 205) - Questions and Answers
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Noise Emission Standards for Construction Equipment - Background Document for Portable Air Compressors
December 1975
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This document contains the technical, economic, health and welfare analyses and other pertinent data and information utilized by the Environmental Protection Agency in the development of the final Portable Air Compressors Regulation.
Noise Emission Standards for Contstruction Equipment - Proposed Wheel and Crawler Tractor Noise Emission Regulation - Part 1. Draft Environmental Impact Statement Part 2. Background Document
June 1977
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The Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Economic Impact Statement, and Background Document were prepared in support of the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed regulation which sets noise emission standards for newly manufactured wheel and crawler tractors. The proposed regulation has been published pursuant to the mandate of Congress as expressed in the Noise Control Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 1234)
Noise Emission Standards for Surface Transportation Equipment - Information in Support of the Proposed Regulation for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors - Part 1. Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Economic Impact Statement Part 2. Background Doc.
August 1977
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The Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Economic Impact Statement, and Background Document were prepared in support of the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed regulation which sets noise emission standards for newly manufactured truck-mounted solid waste compactors. The proposed regulation has been published pursuant to the mandate of Congress as expresses in the Noise Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 1234).
Noise Emission Standards for Surface Transportation Equipment - Regulatory Analysis of the Noise Emission Regulations for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors
August 1979
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This document presents the technical data and analysis used by EPA in developing the Noise Emission Regulations for Truck-Mounted Solid Waste Compactors. The information presented includes a detailed description of the truck-mounted solid waste compactor industry and the product; baseline noise levels for current compactors; a description of the measurement methodology; an analysis of the health and welfare impacts and potential benefits of regulation; the noise control technology available; an analysis of the costs and potential economic effects of regulation; the enforcement procedures; existing local, state, and foreign regulations applicable to compactor noise emissions; an analysis of comments to the public docket; and a description of the participation of the public throughout the development of the regulation.
Noise Emission Standards for Transportation Equipment - Proposed Bus Noise Emission Regulation - Part 1. Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Part 2. Background Document
August 1977
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This Draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses a proposed noise emission regulation for buses. In arriving at the proposed regulation, the Agency carried out detailed investigations of bus design and manufacturing and assembly processes, bus noise measurement methodologies, available bus noise control technology. costs attendant to bus noise control methods, costs to test vehicles for compliance, costs of record keeping, possible economic impacts due to increased costs, and the potential environmental and health and welfare benefits associated with the application of various noise control measures. Data and information generated as a result of these investigations are the basis for the statements made in Part 1 of this document. Part 1 has been designed to present, in the simplest form, all relevant information regarding the environmental impact expected to result from the proposed action. Where greater detail is required, the Agency encourages persual of Part 2, the Background Document.
Noise Emission Standards for Transportation Vehicles - Proposed Motorcycle Noise Emission Regulations - Background Document
November 1977
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This background document was prepared in support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Proposed Noise Emission Regulations for New Motorcycles and Mew Motorcycle Replacement Exhaust Systems. These Regulations have been proposed to the mandate of Congress as expressed in The Noise Control Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 1234).
Noise Emission Standards for Transportation Vehicles - Proposed Motorcycle Noise Emission Regulations - Background Document Appendix
November 1977
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This background document was prepared in support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Proposed Noise Emission Regulations for New Motorcycles and Mew Motorcycle Replacement Exhaust Systems. These Regulations have been proposed to the mandate of Congress as expressed in The Noise Control Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 1234).
Noise Emission Standards for Transportation Vehicles - Proposed Motorcycle Noise Emission Regulations - Draft Environmental and Inflationary Impact Statement
November 1977
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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued proposed noise emission regulations for newly manufactured motorcycles and motorcycle replacement exhaust systems. These proposed regulations are intended to alleviate the problem of motorcycle noise not only in cities and on highways, but in off-road environments as well. This draft Environmental and Inflationary Impact Statement (EIS-IIS) presents in summary form benefits to be gained from the proposed motorcycle noise standards, and the economic implications of this action. Also presented are the principal regulatory options which were considered by EPA. The information contained in this document will provide an understanding of the issues involved with this proposed rulemaking, and of EPA's strategy in promoting a quieter, more livable environment for all Americans.
Noise Enforcement Catalogue - A Directory of Persons Willing to Provide Assistance to State and Local Noise Enforcement Programs
January 1979
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Noise Exposure Around Joint-Use Airports
Richard Burke; Dwight E. Bishop
December 1980
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This report dexcribes a study of present and future exposures of people to noise from airports used by both civilians and military aircraft and predicts how exposure around these airports will be affected by increasingly stringent aircraft noise regulations in the absence of similar regulations of military aircraft.
Noise Exposure of Civil Aircarrier Airplanes Through the Year 2000 - Volume I: Methods, Procedures, Results
Carroll Bartel; Louis C. Sutherland
February 1979
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This report presents results of an estimate of the national exposure to aircarrier aircraft noise through the year 2000. The forecast was carried out to show the effect of two types of noise abatement options. The first consisted of modifications to FAR Part 36 proposed to the Federal Aviation Administration (Notice 76-22) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency which would establish lower noise limits for newly designed aircraft in the years 1980 and 1985. The second type consisted of alternative power cutback procedures (FAA AC 91-39 and two variations of ALPA/Northwest Airlines procedure) coupled with minor variations on approach procedures. The effect of these proposed options was evaluated from estimates of the total area or number of people exposed within selected day/night average noise level contours around all of the nation's airports. The analysis assumed future aircraft just meet the various noise rules considered. It also included: (1) two levels of fleet growth; (2) a national model for noise exposure using statistically average airports; and (3) a model for population density around aircarrier airports based on 1970 census. The study emphasized noise exposure for subsonic aircarrier aircraft; however, a brief analysis is also shown for the isolated exposure of only supersonic aircraft operations which would result from a worldwide fleet of SST aircraft resulting from only 16 Concordes to a total of 100 SST aircraft.
Noise Exposure of Civil Aircarrier Airplanes Through the Year 2000 - Volume II: Appendices A through F
Carroll Bartel; Louis C. Sutherland
February 1979
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This report presents results of an estimate of the national exposure to aircarrier aircraft noise through the year 2000. The forecast was carried out to show the effect of two types of noise abatement options. The first consisted of modifications to FAR Part 36 proposed to the Federal Aviation Administration (Notice 76-22) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency which would establish lower noise limits for newly designed aircraft in the years 1980 and 1985. The second type consisted of alternative power cutback procedures (FAA AC 91-39 and two variations of ALPA/Northwest Airlines procedure) coupled with minor variations on approach procedures. The effect of these proposed options was evaluated from estimates of the total area or number of people exposed within selected day/night average noise level contours around all of the nation's airports. The analysis assumed future aircraft just meet the various noise rules considered. It also included: (1) two levels of fleet growth; (2) a national model for noise exposure using statistically average airports; and (3) a model for population density around aircarrier airports based on 1970 census. The study emphasized noise exposure for subsonic aircarrier aircraft; however, a brief analysis is also shown for the isolated exposure of only supersonic aircraft operations which would result from a worldwide fleet of SST aircraft resulting from only 16 Concordes to a total of 100 SST aircraft.
Noise Facts Digest
June 1972
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This pilot issue of Noise Facts Digest has been prepared in response to a widely expressed need for more and better information on the prevention, abatement, and control of noise.
Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances
December 1971
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Noise From Heavy Vehicles, Results from Stationary Noise Measurements
K.A. Abrahamsen
February 1981
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Stationary noise measurements have been carried out on 12 of the most sold trucks in Norway. The results are discussed with reference to the influence of the various vehicle designs on the noise emitted from the major noise sources and on cabin noise. The state of the art of noise control on typical production vehicles has been assessed and a forecast of possible further noise reduction in the near future made.
Noise From Industrial Plants
December 1971
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The objectives of this study included the following: (1) To identify as many sources of noise as possible in five typical indutrial plants. The plants selected for the field survey included the following types: (a) Glass Manufacturing Plant (b) Oil Refinery (c) Power Plant (d) Automobile Assembly Plant (e) Can Manufacturing Plant. (2) To measure the in-plant source noise levels. (3) To measure environmental noise in the communities adjacent to the above industrial plants. (4) To determine the community noise exposure and impact due to industrial plant noise. (5) To identify the human-related problems associated with the noise sources. (6) To identify the contributory reasons for initiating noise abatement programs and current attitudes toward noise legislation. (7) To identify the groups or organizations responsible for initiation of the noise abatement programs. (8) To assess the state-of-the-art for application of noise abatement technology to the noise sources identified above.
Noise, General Stress Responses and Cardiovascular Disease Processes: Review and Reassessment of Hypothesized Relationships
Dale Hattis; Barbara Richardson; Nicholas A. Ashford
June 1980
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This report contains a limited survey on the existing literature indicating cardiovascular effects of high noise exposure and places that literature in perspective based on the available knowledge of general cardiovascular effects of stressful stimuli. The authors also discuss conceptual obstacles to progress in cardiovascular disease research, key technical or measurement system obstacle, for research, and findings related to noise and suggestions for further research.
Noise, General Stress Responses and Cardiovascular Disease Processes: Review and Reassessment of Hypothesized Relationships
Dale Hattis; Barbara Richardson; Nicholas A. Ashford
June 1980
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This report contains a limited survey on the existing literature indicating cardiovascular effects of high noise exposure and places that literature and in perspective based on the available knowledge of general cardiovascular effects of stressful stimuli. The authors also discuss conceptual abstacles to prgress in cardiovascular disease research, key technical or measurement system obstacle, for research, and findings related to noise and suggestions for further research.
The Noise Guidebook has been prepared to serve as the basic reference document for all HUD field aff who are responsible for implementing the Department's noise policy. In brings together in one place all the various reports, informational papers and other items that have been put out by the Department over the past several years. It also contains several new items designed to make your job easier. This Guidebook is designed to serve not only the experienced HUD staff member but also the new employee of the old employee who is new to the noise field. Because of this, the Guidebook contains some fairly basic background material as well as quizzes and other material specifically geared for the "learner".
Noise Hazard Evaluation - Sound Level Data of Noise Sources
Jeff Goldstein
January 1975
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This technical guide was developed as an aid simplification of the noise hazard assessment element of the installation hearing conservation program. Part I of the technical guide provides the reader with basic information necessary for the conduct of a routine occupational noise hazard evaluation, while part II provides additional information and guidance concerning typical personnel exposures to military noise sources.
Noise Impact Evaluation Manual - Task 1
August 1985
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EPA is required to review EISs involving major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 309 of the Clean Air Act. Noise impact is one of the parameters that EPA reviews in the EIS review process. The purpose of this work assignment is to prepare a comprehensive noise impact evaluation guidance manual for the EPA EIS reviewers to promote more consistent and effective response to noise impact in EISs. This report is the product of Task 1. In Task 1, SAIC reviewed over 75 documents dealing with EPA, FHWA, FAA and HUD's noise programs. We interviewed representatives from FHWA and FAA. The result is a summary of each agency's noise policy, noise impact criteria, and mitigation measures. Exhibit D of this report also lists States and local communities that have adopted noise criteria and/or regulations. The primary emphasis of the report is on transportation-related agencies since the majority of EISs with noise impacts are primarily highway and airport projects. Evaluating the noise impacts of the overall project are discussed in more detail than the specific noise standards for a particular aircraft or vehicle. Other products of the work assignment will be a detailed guidance document and bibliography of key references.
Noise in America: Extent of the Noise Problem
Miles Simpson; Robert Bruce
September 1981
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The number of Americans exposed to various levels of occupational and environmental noise is estimated. Estimates are made for 11 categories of noise producers (e.g., traffic, aircraft, construction) using the Ldn or Leq(24) metrics. The assumptions in the models used, including , including demographic projections, are made explicit for all estimates. Estimates for combined exposures to traffic and other community noise sources are also made, as well as indoor noise exposures from home equipment like fans and clothes washers. According to the estimates, 1.5 million people are exposed to outdoor noise levels (from a11 sources) of over 75 Ldn, and over 90 million, to levels over 58 Ldn. Over 9 million people are exposed to occupational noise in excess of 80 dB (Leq(24)).
Noise in Rail Transit Cars: Incremental Costs of Quieter Cars
June 1974
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U.S. rail rapid transit systems, car operations, and the car building industry are described in relation to the procurement of quieter cars. The noise environment of passengers in rapid transit cars is discussed and the major noise sources and paths of noise transmission into cars are delineated. For essentially all combinations of car noise-control modifications deemed technically and economically feasible for implementation in new vehicles, estimates are presented of the associated noise reductions, initial costs, and operating costs. It is concluded that significant reductions in in-car noise under typical operating conditions can be achieved at incremental costs that are small percentages of the total car costs.
Noise Measurement of Concorde 02 Approach and Takeoff at Dallas-Ft. Worth and Dulles International Airports
Carole S. Tanner
August 1974
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Noise measurements were made of the Concorde 02 aircraft during operations at Dallas-Ft. Worth and Dulles International Airports in September 1973. Data were acquired at 25 sites surrounding Dallas and 15 sites surrounding Dulles. The results are reported in terms of various noise evaluation measures (A-level, Effective Perceived Noise Level, etc.) and correlated with respect to distance and aircraft/engine operating parameters. Included are representative one0third octave band spectra for takeoff and approach operations at Dulles. A prediction procedure is presented based upon data measured at various distances extrapolated to larger distances by standard methods. The results of the semiempirical predictions indicate that there is no reason to believe that the noise levels measured and reported by the Concorde developers cannot be achieved with the use of noise abatement procedures. However, noise abatement takeoff procedures were not fully utilized at Dulles and, as a result, the measured noise levels exceed the values claimed by the developers.
Noise Pollution
J.M. Fowler; K.E. Mervine
January 1974
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This is the third of a projected six Environmental Resource Packets produced under a grant from the Exxon Education Foundation.
Noise Pollution - Now Hear This!
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Noise Pollution - What's That?
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Noise Pollution: An Introduction to the Problem and an Outline for Future Legal Research
James L. Hildebrand
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Noise Programs of Professional/Industrial Organizations, Universities and Colleges
December 1971
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This document provides information pertaining to noise programs being sponsored or carried out, either directly or indirectly, by professional, industrial, and voluntary associations (societies) and provides information on private industry research and educational and research programs. Also provided is a bibliography of pertinent publications relating to noise. The information contained in this report is based upon that requested and received from the Scientific Information Exchange of the Smithsonian Institute and the Acoustical Society of America and that obtained by the Office of Noise Abatement and Control from professional organizations.
Noise Reduction Technology and Costs for a Ford CLT 9000 Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck
E.K. Bender; J.W. Ernest; J.A. Kane
October 1981
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This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce the noise of a Ford CLT 9000 heavy-duty diesel truck from 77.1 to 72.3 dBA. The noise control treatment consists prmarily of a dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclosure for the engine and transmission. Wind tunnel tests on the completed truck show that temperatures of engine coolant and oil remain within manufacturer's specified limits. The noise treatment increases the vehicle weight by 397 lb and estimated vehicle price by $1309.
Noise Reduction Technology and Costs for a General Motors Brigadier Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck
E.K. Bender; J.A. Kane; P.J. Remington
October 1981
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This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce the noise of a General Motors Brigadier heavy-duty diesel truck from 81.7 to 71.6 dBA. The noise control treatment consists primarily of a dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclosure for the engine and transmission. The noise treatment increases vehicle weight by 340 lb and estimated vehicle price by $1174. Wind tunnel tests on the completed truck show that temperatures of engine coolant and oil remain within manufacturer's specified limits.
Noise Reduction Technology and Costs for a Mack R686 Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck
E.K. Bender; J.A. Kane; P.J. Remington
December 1981
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This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce the noise of a Mack R686 heavy-duty diesel truck from 81.6 dBA to 73.2 dBA. The noise control treatments consist primarily of a partial enclosure for the engine and transmission, an exhaust silencing system, and two-stage engine mounts. These teatments increase the vehicle weight by 398 lb and estimated vehicle price by $1296.
Noise Reduction Technology and Costs for an International Harvester F-4370 Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck
E.K. Bender; R.L. Bronsdon; J.A. Kane; P.J. Remington
October 1981
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This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce the noise of an International Harvester F-4370 heavy-duty diesel truck from 81.1 to 72.2 dBA. The noise control treatment consists primarily of a dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclosure for the engine and transmission. The noise treatment increases the vehicle weigh by 332 lb and estimated vehicle price by $1302. Wind tunnel tests on the completed truck show that temperatures of engine coolant and oil remain within generally acceptable limits.
Noise Report - Buying Quiet
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Noise Research and Control Activities in the Federal Government: A Review and Assessment
October 1973
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This report covers a study performed by the General Electric Company for the Office of Noise Abatement and Control (ONAC) of the Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the various activities of the Federal Government involving noise research and noise abatement and control. In addition, the study addressed the information and information-handling requirements of ONAC associated with its mission to coordinate all Federal noise activities.
Noise Source Abatement Technology and Cost Analysis Including Retrofitting
July 1973
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This report reviews the technological developments that have contributed to the historical growth of the civil aviation industry and looks to the present and future technology to nurture its continued growth. Future expansion of air transportation is now dependent upon resolving the problem created by its Achille's heel - aircraft generated noise. One of the principal avenuse available for reducing noise impacted areas resulting from aircraft operations is by treating the source of the noise - the aircraft and its contributing components.
Noise Source Regulation in State and Local Noise Ordinances
March 1973
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As more noise control regulations are enacted at the state and local levels, it has become more difficult to get an accurate overview of those regulations. What is needed is a planning and reference guide for public administrators and other officials engaged in developing and implementing noise control programs. To aid in satisfying that need, the Office of Noise Abatement and Control of the US Environmental Protection Agency has prepared this document.
Noise Source Regulation in State and Local Noise Ordinances
March 1973
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As more noise control regulations are enacted at the state and local levels, it has become more difficult to get an accurate overview of those regulations. What is needed is a planning and reference guide fro public administrators and other officials engaged in developing and implementing noise control programs. To aid in satisfying the need, the Office of Noise Abatement and COntrol of the US Environmental Protection Agency has prepared this document. Presented herein is a summary of noise source regulations encompassed in current state laws and local ordinances. Data has been extracted from only those laws and ordinances stipulating specefic decibel levels. For information on the measurement procedures used, refer to the specific law or ordinance. The state ordinances summarized in this report deal primarily with ground transportation systems. The local ordinances, on the other hand, deal with several different aspects of the noise problem, such as restricting noise from transportation systems and from construction equipment and limiting the noise transmitted across property lines. Because of the many variations among local regulations, no attempt has been made to list the specific noise level requirements contained in local zoning laws and building codes. Because new ordinances will continually be enacted, this publication will be updated at appropriate intervals.
Noise Source Regulation in State and Local Noise Ordinances
ONAC
February 1975
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This document has been prepared as a planning and reference guide for public administrators of environmental noise control programs. It presents a summary of noise source regulations encompassed in current state laws and local ordinances. Data have been extracted from only those laws and ordinances stipulating specific decibel levels. For the states, the laws summarized are grouped under the headings: motor vehicles, recreational vehicles, land use, and general. For localities, the headings are: motor vehicles, recreational vehicles, intrusive noise sources, stationary noise sources, construction noise, and miscellaneous noise regulations. Because of the many variations among local jurisdictional regulations, no attempt was made to list the specific noise level requirements for recreational vehicles, construction equipment, or land use.
Noise Source Regulations in State and Local Noise Ordinances
Vijay K. Kohli
August 1979
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The Noise Control Act of 1972 authorizes the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide technical assistance to States and local communities to facilitate development and implementation of their environmental noise control programs. To insure that the EPA technical assistance program is responsive to needs of States and local communities, EPA periodically updates a summary of State and local noise regulations. This document updates EPA 550/9-75-020, entitled "Noise Source Regulations in State and local Ordinances", February 1975. It is prepared as a planning and reference guide for State and local officials engaged in the development and implementation of environmental noise control programs. The information included in this report is taken largely from noise ordinances submitted to EPA as part of the response to the 1977-78 Environmental Noise COntrol Program Survey, but is supplemented by other source material available at the time of writing. No attempt has been made to solicit copies of ordinances from states or communities not included in the survey. Therefore, the information contained in this report is not all-inclusive. For further information, the reader should refer to specific laws or ordinances. The State laws summarized in this report are arranged under the following headings: -Motor Vehicles (or Self-Propelled Vehicles), -Recreational Vehicles, -Land Use. The local ordinances are presented under the following headings: -Motor Vehicles (or Self-Propelled Vehicles), -Recreational Vehicles, -Land Use, -Construction, -Intrusive Sources.
Noise Standards for Aircraft Type Certification (Modifications to Far Part 36)
William C. Sperry; Damon C. Gray
August 1976
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This document presents and discusses the background data used by the Agency in the development of proposed noise control regulations for promulgation by the FAA in conformance with the Noise Control Act of 1972. The proposed regulations pertain to control of airplane noise at the source and would amend the existing Federal Aviation Regulations PART 36 (FAR 36). FAR 36 was the first type certification regulation for aircraft noise prescribed by any nation. It is a comprehensive rule containing highly technical appendices whose purposes are to require the maximum feasible use of noise control technology, to set standards for the acquisition of noise levels, and to obtain data useful for predicting the noise impact in airport neighborhood communities. Since the promulgation of FAR 36 in 1969, noise control technology has advanced substantially, the significance of community noise impact is much better understood, and the techniques and equipment for data acquisition and reduction have improved considerably. It is appropriate, therefore, to consider amendments to FAR 36 with the objective of strengthening and extending the original purposes, and , in particular, to eliminate any ambiguities that may exist.
Noise Technology Research Needs and the Relative Roles of the Federal Government and the Private Sector
May 1979
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Hazardous as well as intrusive environmental noises that degrade the quality of life are continuing and ubiquitous problems of contemporary society. Recognizing the magnitude of noise problems and seeking to alleviate them, Congress, through the Quiet Communities Act of 1978, gave new directives to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to support research in noise abatement technology. This Symposium on Noise Technology Research was the first response of the EPA to the new COngressional directives.
Noise Technology Research Needs and The Relative Roles of the Federal Government and the Private Sector
May 1979
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Noise Training Manual
P.L. Michael; D.M. DeJoy; R.L. Kerlin; A.H. Kohut; J.H. Prout
December 1977
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This manual is a compendium of information considered to be essential to the development of successful community noise control programs. It is intended to satisfy the needs of a broad lay audience who will be involved in the legislative, administrative, and technical aspects of this program. Because unique problems may be encountered in individual community noise abatement programs, references have been included at the ned of each chapter to direct the reader to additional resource material. Also, Appendix B to this manual provides a list of some source reference that are likely to be useful to persons involved in community noise abatement programs.
Noise Violations: Guidance Manual for State and Local Prosecutors
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The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance to prosecutors who choose to take legal action against violators of State or local noise control regulations; its intent is to assist prosecutors preparing for and conducting a trial - from drafting the complaint to submitting jury instructions.
Non-Auditory Effects of Noise
Karl D. Kryter
June 1971
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This report is a summary and evaluation of research findings that relate to any effects of noise other than to the ear and related structures. For example, included herein are research efforts concerned with physiological effects of noise, effects on task performance, effects on the cardio-vascular system, and on general health. This report also presents areas and types of research studies that may help to provide full answers to wquestions on the degree of noise control desirable with respect to the non-auditory effects of noise normally present in living and working environments.
Notes for Meeting Relative to Noise Regulatory Responsibility
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Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Special Local Determinations Procedures for Interstate Railroad Noise Emission Standards and Interstate Motor Carrier Noise Emission Standards and Guidelines for State and Local Governments on the Filing and Processing of
November 1976
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NRTA-AARP - Noise Counseling Program
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The Community Noise Counseling Program sponsored by The National Retired Teachers Association-American Association of Retired Persons, was initiated September 22, 1978 with contractual agreement with EPA-ONAC. The Administration of the program was the responsibility of the Association's Senior Community Service Employment Program, Special Programs, and from the start was carried on in conjunction with the Older Worker Employment Program. SCSEP eligible enrollees were recruited and assigned to the Noise Counseling Program by Project Directors in local projects where needs were identified and the site selection was made and approved by EPA program officials. Linda Scott was hired as Program Coordinator for the Program, and was given the responsibility of training and supervising the selected enrollee Noise Counselors. Eight selected enrollees were given formal training in October, 1978. In addition to the SCSEP program enrollees assigned, several volunteers were recruited and given both formal and individualized training in Community Noise Abatement projects. In evaluating the Program, nothing stands out as much as the excellent performance of these Older Worker Program enrollees, when given: a meaningful job and assigned to a specific task; training and guidance to prepare them; and support and motivation from the SCSEP Projects and the community. In the words of the EPA Project Officer; "The program is very valuable to EPA because it works". When given the challenge, the Noise Counselors responded. The increased awareness in their communities is well documented by publicity, letters of commendation, and on going public service announcements, and, in general, increased efforts to pass meaningful local noise legislation by local officials, and increased enforcement for existing noise ordinances in their communities have been as a result of their efforts.