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Most useful EPA documents
Mack Trucks, Inc. Letter Regarding Request for Information Concerning the 80 dB(A) Noise Emission Standard for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
June 1981
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Mack Trucks, Inc. Response to ONAC Docket 81-02 (Medium and Heavy Trucks) ANR-490
April 1981
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Manual for Development of Formats for the Presentation of Community Noise Assessment Data
Marilyn Auerbach; Katharina R. Geissler
July 1981
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This report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, in support of its function to provide technical assistance to communities. It is one of nine which comprises the Community Noise Assessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehensive and computerized system for assessing the noise problems of a community and then planning a noise control strategy for its abatement.This report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and Control, in support of its function to provide technical assistance to communities. It is one of nine which comprises the Community Noise Assessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehensive and computerized system for assessing the noise problems of a community and then planning a noise control strategy for its abatement. The purpose of this manual is to provide a guide to various presentation techniques for all the data generated by the Community Noise Assessment Manual. In this way effective communication of noise data to elected officials, administrators and other community personnel will be facilitated.
Materials and Procedures for In-Flight Assessment of Auditory Function in Aircrewman
Donald C. Gasaway; Harrell C. Sutherland
August 1973
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The need to assess the ability of aircrewman to perceive and understand voiced communications transmitted under headsets during flight conditions has been recognized since the early 1940's. A standardized approach is needed to evaluate the adequacy of auditory function in flyers who fail to pass pure-tone physical profile standards (Class II and III examinations). It is this need that prompted the research described in this report. This report describes four sets of 50 phrases extracted from voice communications used in ground and airborne operations, as well as six lists of 50 single-syllable words. These lists have not been evaluated under the conditions proposed for their use.
MBTA Rapid Transit System (Red Line) Wayside and In-Car Noise and Vibration Level Measurements
Edward J. Rickley; Robert W. Quinn
August 1972
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Wayside and in-car noise and vinration characteristics of a late-model mass transit car making up 2-cand 4-car trains are tabulated and analyzed in this report. The MBTA Type 1 South Shore Rapid Transit Car, designed and built by Pullman Standard, Chicago Illinois and currently in operation on the Red Line of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) was measured. Wayside measurements had been made by the tracks of the South Shore Extension of the Red Line 58 days after the official September 1, 1971 opening of this extension. These wayside measurements were repeated six months later. In-car noise and vibration measurements are made in a selected 2-car train on a typical run over various sections of the Red Line.
Measurements of Railroad Noise-Line Operations, Yard Boundaries, and Retarders
J.M. Fath; D.S. Blomquist; J.M. Heinen; and M. Tarica
December 1974
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A field investigation of noise emission from railroad operations was conducted. The objectives of the study were the establishment of a data base on the noise levels associated with railroad operations, both line (trains in transit) and yard, and the development of measurement procedures that could be utilized in regulations applicable to the noise from rail carrier equipment and facilities. For trains in transit, measurements were made as a function of horizontal distance from the tracks [five locations at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 feet] and as a function of microphone height [three different heights at the 25 and 50 foot microphone locations]. Train passby data are presented at the maximum A-weighted sound level obvserved during the passby and as Single Event Noise Exposure Levels (both A-weighted and one-third octave band levels). A-weighted sound level measurements were made at the boundary of the railyard, at 0.1 second intervals, for periods of time ranging from 1 to 23 hours over several days. These data are presented as the energy equivalent sound level and the level exceeded ten percent of the time. The directionality of retarder noise was also investigated. Measurements were made of the noise emitted in various directions during retarder operation.
Measurements of the Impulsiveness and Annoyance of Compression - Release Engine Brake Noise
Sanford Fidell; Richard Horonjeff
December 1981
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The research described in this report was undertaken to evaluate the potential contribution to the overall annoyance of heavy truck noise of the impulsive character of exhaust noise created by engine compression-release braking devices. Although growing numbers of trucks are likely to be equipped with these safety devices in the future, current methods for assessing health and welfare effects of traffic noise on residential populations make no specific provision for annoyance associated with impulsive noise sources.
Measures of Noise Level: Their Relative Accuracy in Predicting Objective and Subjective Responses to Noise During Sleep
Jerome S. Lukas
February 1977
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A review of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the effects of noise on human sleep indicates that no sleep disruption can be predicted with good accuracy (correlation coefficients of about 0.80) if the noise descriptor accounts for the frequency-weighted spectrum and the duration of the noise. Units such as EdBA, EPNdB, and SENEL are better predictors than a unit such as maximum dBA. Furthermore, no sleep disruption can be predicted more accurately than arousal or behavioral awakening responses. Some evidence suggests that questionnaires about subjective sleep quality should contain items dealing with the subject's (a) sense of well being on arising, (b) sense of the general quality of his sleep, and (c)estimates on how long it took to fall asleep. Scores on these items can be summed to develop a Composite Sleep Quality measure. Although the amount of evidence is limited, such Composite Sleep Quality is correlated highly (about 0.90) with Composite Noise Rating (CNR) when units of EPNdB or EdBA are used to calculate CNR. Other techniques for calculating the total nighttime noise environment, such as Leq and NNI, have some shortcomings with respect to their ability to predict Composite Sleep Quality.
Mechanical Vibration and Shock Measurements
Jens Trampe Broch
May 1972
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Mechanical vibrations and shocks are dynamic phenomena, - i.e. their intensity varies with time. Both the maximum intensity, however, and the rate of change in intensity with time, spread over wide measurement ranges and often require highly specialized equipment for their precise determination. Ground motions caused by far-off earthquakes (or explosions) may, for instance, be barely detectable while vibrations caused by large combustion engines can cause severe mechanical fatigue damage. Although in most cases mechanical shocks and vibrations are undesired byproducts of otherwise useful processes, and great efforts are spent to reduce their effects, some vibrations are produced on purpose. Typical examples are the vibrations produced by conveying and screening machines, mechanical hammers, ultrasonic cleaning baths, etc., while desirable shock effects are built into riveting hammers and pile-drivers. As the same methods of description and measurement apply, in general, whether the vibrations or shocks being characterized are wanted or unwanted no clear distinction has been made throughout this book. The various chapters have been laid out with a view mainly to describe measurement data and techniques necessary to characterize vibrations and shocks and to evaluate their effects on a responding medium. For more comprehensive treatments of theoretical aspects the reader is referred to standard textbooks and to literature cited in the bibliography.
Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks Technology and Cost Information
September 1974
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The subjects addressed in this document are intended to provide background information on various aspects associated with the development of regulations relative to noise emission from newly manufactured trucks.
Medium and Heavy Trucks Noise Emission Standards
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Memo
Louise P. Giersch
February 1982
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Memo from David Coleman, Overdrive Magazine to Tim Barry on the Clarification of the Truck Regulation Deferral
February 1981
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Memo to Betsy Ancker-Johnson from Kenneth E. Feith
March 1984
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Memo to Betsy Ancker-Johnson from Kenneth E. Feith
April 1984
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Memo to Charles Elkins form the Department of Environmental Quality
July 1985
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Memo to Charles Elkins from ASHA - Motor Carriers Engaged in Interstate Commerce; Noise Standards and Transportation Equipment; Noise Emission Controls; Medium and Heavy Trucks
July 1985
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Memo to Charles Elkins from GM Motors
July 1985
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Memo to Charles Elkins from the National Tire Dealers & Retreaders Association, Inc.
July 1985
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Memo to Charles L. Elkins from the U.S. Department of Transportation
April 1985
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Memo to Charles L. Elkins from the U.S. Department of Transportation
July 1985
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Memo to Donald D. Lennox from Kenneth E. Feith
March 1984
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Memo to Donald Lennox from Kenneth E. Feith
April 1984
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Memo to EPA from Donald R. Buist
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from Hino Motors, Ltd. - Submission of Comment on EPA Concurrently proposed actions for '86 Noise Abatement for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from International Harvester - Motor Carriers Engaged in Interstate Commerce Noise Standards and Transportation Equipment Noise Emission Controls Medium and Heavy Trucks
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from Mack Trucks, Inc. - Docket No. OPMO-0184 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 40 CFR Parts 202 & 205 Motor Carriers Engaged in Interstate Commerce; Noise Standards and Transportation Equipment Noise Emission Controls; Medium and Heavy Trucks
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from the Chrysler Corporation
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from the Freightliner Corporation
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from the Oshkosh Truck Corporation
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from the Rubber Manufacturers Association - 40 CFR Parts 202 and 205 (FRL 2818-4) Motor Carriers Engaged in Interstate Commerce; Noise Standards and Transportation Equipment; Noise Emission Control; Medium and Heavy Trucks
July 1985
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Memo to EPA from the State of Connecticut
July 1985
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Memo to Helen D. Petrauskas from Kenneth E. Feith
March 1984
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Memo to Helen O. Petrauskas from Kenneth E. Feith
April 1984
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith form the EPA - Notice of Proposed Rulemaking 40 CFR Part 202 and 205 Motor Carriers Engaged in Interstate Commerce; Noise Standards. Transportation Equipment Noise Emission Controls; Medium and Heavy Trucks
July 1985
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith from Donald R. Buist
October 1984
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Memo to Kenneth E Feith from Donald R. Buist
May 1984
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith from Donald R. Buist
October 1984
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith from GM
July 1984
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith from Hino Motors, Ltd.
January 1985
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith from International Harvester
June 1984
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Memo to Kenneth E. Feith from the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association
June 1984
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Memo to Peter Griskivich from Kenneth E. Feith
April 1984
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Memo to V.J. Adducci from Kenneth E. Feith
March 1984
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Memo to William E. Johns from Kenneth E. Feith
April 1984
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Memo to William E. Johns from Kenneth E. Feith
March 1984
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Memorandum - Approval of Revision to "Noise Control Act" Delegations - DECISION MEMORANDUM
Howard M. Messner
July 1986
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Memorandum - Approval of Revision to "Noise Control Act" Delegations - DECISION MEMORANDUM
Howard M. Messner
July 1986
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Memorandum - Close Out of Standards and Regulations Division Activities
Kathleen M. Bennett
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Memorandum - Delegation of Responsibilities Under the Noise Control Act
Richard E. Sanderson
August 1987
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Memorandum - EPA Noise Regulatory Actions - Decision Memorandum
John M. Ropes
December 1981
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Memorandum - Noise Office Regulatory Phase-Out Actions
Kathleen M. Bennett
May 1982
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Memorandum - Noise Program Delegations
Jennifer Joy Wilson
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Memorandum - Noise Program Delegations
Jennifer Joy Wilson
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Memorandum - Noise Regulations
John M. Ropes
December 1981
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Memorandum - Phase-Out of the EPA Noise Abatement Program
Kathleen Bennett
January 1982
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Memorandum - Phase-Out of the EPA Noise Program
Kathleen M. Bennett
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Memorandum - Phase-Out of the Noise Program
Kathleen M. Bennett
October 1982
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Memorandum - Phase-Out Plans Information and Decision Memorandum
John M. Ropes
September 1981
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Memorandum - Possible Noise Regulation
R.A. Edwards
March 1987
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Memorandum - Proposed Curtailment of Noise Program
Robert M. Perry
December 1981
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Memorandum - Railroad Noise Litigation
K.E. Feith
February 1987
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Memorandum - Review of GAO Report "Cleaning Up The Environment"
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Memorandum - Schedule of S&RD Close-Out Activities
Louise P. Giersch
July 1982
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Memorandum - Standards & Regulations "Legacy"
John Ropes
April 1982
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Memorandum - Status of S&RD Phase-Out
Kenneth E. Feith
September 1981
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Memorandum - Status of the Noise Office Phase-Out Effort
Kathleen Bennett
January 1982
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Memorandum - Status Report on ONAC Phase-Out Activities as of February 1, 1982
John M. Ropes
February 1982
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Memorandum - Termination of Noise Regulation Development: Decision Memorandum
Kathleen M. Bennett
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Memorandum - Termination of Noise Regulatory Activities - Schedule Status
Louise P. Giersch
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Memorandum for the Environmental Protection Agency - EPA's Legal Authority to Act on Pending Rule-Making Petitions Seeking Deferral of Noise Emission Standards for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
February 1984
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Memorandum for the Environmental Protection Agency - EPA's Legal Authority to Act on Pending Rule-Making Petitions Seeking Deferral of Noise Emission Standards for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
February 1984
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Memorandum from R.M. Marrazzo to the DAA and Senior Staff on "Defining a Major Source of Noise"
R.M. Marrazzo
May 1979
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Memorandum to John Topping - EPA's Legal Authority to Act on Pending Rule-Making Petitions Seeking Deferral of Noise Emission Standards for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
February 1984
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Memorandum to Kenneth E. Feith
August 1984
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Memorandum to William D Ruckelshaus - Petition for Reconsideration - Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter I, Part 205 Transport Equipment, Noise Emission Control, Medium and Heavy Trucks
September 1983
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Memorandum to William D. Ruckelshaus from American Trucking Associations, Inc.
January 1984
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Memorandum to William D. Ruckelshaus from Ford
December 1983
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Memorandum to William D. Ruckelshaus from International Harvester
September 1983
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A Method for Assessing Automobile Noise
N.P. Miller
June 1980
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This study presents a methods that can be used to examine and quantify each factor contributing to motor vehicle noise produced by automobile accelerating on city/suburban streets. It is based on data collected in six different jurisdictions subject to a range of noise control programs and was developed to assisst State/local jurisdictions to formulate or refine motor vehicle noise control programs.
Method for Assessing A-Weighted Auditory Risk Limits for Protected Ears
Donald C. Gasaway; Harrell C. Sutherland
January 1971
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Recent noise exposure studies employ A-weighted measures as the basis for estimating varying degrees of potetial auditory risk. Since most auditory risk criteria are based on unprotected exposures, aerospace applications require adapting the criteria to attenuated conditions. This report provides specific guidance for evaluating conditions of noise exposure when personal ear protection is worn (headsets or earplugs). Generalized spectra are presented for noise measured within cockpits of 249 aircraft divided into eleven groups, each representing a different airframe-to-powerplant mating. A-weighted levels for attenuation and nonattenuated noise are shown for each of the eleven groups of aircraft included in this study. Relationships between C- and A- weighted values for different spectra (octave bands) are described, and the use of C-A as a correction factor is evaluated. Generally, small values of C-A yield greater amounts of attenuation (A-weighted, attenuated) than larger values of C-A. The results of this study can be used to predict differing degrees of A-weighted attenuation provided by either headsets or earplugs when C-A is known.
Method for Assessing Benefits of Airborne Noise Isolation Requirements in Residential and Educational Buildings
Fred F. Rudder Jr.
April 1983
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This report presents a method for estimating benefits accruing from implementing acoustical performance requirements for new buildings. The method can be applied to a wide range of environmental noise conditions and noise isolation requirements for building envelopes. Benefits are estimated based upon the distribution of population with outdoor noise level and the noise isolation provided by the building envelope. A method is described for estimating noise isolation performance of existing construction based upon local conditions.
Method for Assessing Benefits of Airborne Noise Isolation Requirements in Residential and Educational Buildings
Fred F. Rudder Jr.
April 1973
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This report presents a method for estimating benefits accruing from implementing acoustical performance requirements for new buildings. The method can be applied to a wide range of environmental noise conditions and noise isolation requirements for building envelopes. Benefits are estimated based upon the distribution of population with outdoor noise level and the noise isolation provided by the building envelope. A method is described for estimating noise isolation performance of existing construction based upon local conditions.
Method for Assessing Benefits of Airborne Noise Isolation Requirements in Residential and Educational Buildings
Fred F. Rudder, Jr.
July 1982
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This report presents a method for estimating benefits accruing from implementation of acoustical performance requirements for new buildings. The method can be applied to a wide range of environmental noise conditions and noise isolation requirements for building envelopes. Benefits are estimated based upon the distribution of population with outdoor noise level and the noise isolation provided by the building envelope. A method is described for estimating noise isolation provided performance of existing construction based upon local conditions.
Method for Assessing Costs of Noise Control Requirements in Multifamily Residential and Educational Buildings
Stephen F. Weber; Fred F. Rudder Jr.; Michael J. Boehm
December 1981
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This report presents a methodology developed to measure the cost impacts of acoustical performance requirements for new buildings. The methodology can be applied to a wide range of noise control requirements. The cost items addressed by this methodology are expected changes in construction costs, the cost of acoustical testing to certify levels of performance, code administration costs, and energy savings due to modifications of the building envelope. The building components considered, which are those most commonly affected by noise control requirements, are doors, windows, interior walls, exterior walls, and floor/ceiling assemblies. The basic cost assessment method consists of linear cost estimation equations for most component designs commonly used in educational and multifamily residential buildings. Each equation relates the acoustical performance of the design to its construction cost so that construction costs associated with alternate levels of acoustical performance can be compared. The methodology also includes a cost minimization model useful for selecting the least-cost design for a particular level of acoustical performance.
Method for Assessing Costs of Noise Control Requirements in Multifamily Residential and Educational Buildings
Stephen F. Weber; Fred F. Rudder Jr.; Michael J. Boehm
December 1981
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This report presents a methodology developed to measure the costs impacts of acoustical performance requirements for new buildings. The methdology can be applied to a wide range of noie control requirements. The cost items addressed by this methodology are expected changes in construction costs, the cost of acoustical testing to certify levels of performance, code administration costs, and energy savings due to modifications of the building envelope. The building components considered, which are those most commonly affected by noise control requirements, are dorrs, windows, interior walls, exterior walls, and floor/ceiling assemblies. The basic cost assessment method consists of linear cost estimation equations for most component designs commonly use in educational and multifamily residential buildings. Each equation relates the acoustical performance of the design to its construction cost so that construction costs associated with alternate levels of acoustical performance can be compared. The methodology also includes a cost minimization model useful for selecting the least-cost design for aparticular level of acoustical performance.
A Method for Assessing the Effectiveness of Property Line Noise Control Programs
N.P. Miller; C.W. Dietrich
June 1980
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This study describes the basic components found in four active property lijne noise control programs and suggests a method for assessing program effectiveness. It is for use by local jurisdictions interested in developing property linne noise control or assessing current program completeness.
Methodology for the Measurement and Analysis of Aircraft Sound Levels Within National Parks
Paul H. Dunholter; Vincent E. Mestre; Roswell A. Harris; Louis F. Cohn
March 1989
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This report contains the results of an initial study with the National Park Service to address various technical issues relating to the assessment of sound from aircraft overflights within parks. These technical issues include techniques for measuring aircraft sounds within park/wilderness settings and determining the acoustic parameters that are important in describing aircraft sound within these settings. As part of future studies, sociological surveys of park/wilderness users will be used to quantify the visito response from these aircraft operations. A goal of these studies is to develop policies to manage aircraft noise within various park/wilderness areas.
Metrosonics dB-3100 - The Next Generation Metrologger
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Miami International Airport - 1978 Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF) 30/40
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Model Community Noise Control Ordinance
National Institute of Municipal Law Officers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
September 1975
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This report contains a model ordinance for use by cities and counties in the development of noise control ordinances tailored to local conditions and goals. It is a comprehensive, performance-standard noise ordinance intended to overcome enforcement problems associated with the outmoded nuisance law approach to noise control. This report contains sections on the control of noise from both stationary and mobile sources and includes land use planning provisions. A preamble gives important explanatory information for certain ordinance sections.
A Model for the Prediction of Highway Construction Noise
Kenneth J. Platkin
December 1980
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This study investigated the noise associated with highway construction activities. It involved the identification and examination of: highway construction activities, noise characteristics associated with highway construction activities, availability of highway construction noise abatement measures, demonstration of construction site noise abatement measures, and development of a computer-based model for use as a tool to predict the noise impact of construction activities and to plan mitigation measures. The model was developed for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total of seven reports were prepared in this study and have been released fro public distribution. This report (Part B) presents a complete description of the highway noise prediction model. The report contains a description of the model's formulation and construction, a description of the program, and a user's manual.
Model Noise Control Ordinance
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The Model Community Noise Control Ordinance (model ordinance) is intended to be a basic tool which communities, both large and small, can use to construct noise control ordinances suited to local needs and conditions. The complete model ordinance, including optional provisions, is perhaps more suitable for larger communities, with populations of about 100,000 or more. Smaller communities and large communities with limited resources may wish to adopt only those provisions which address their most pressing noise problems. It is important that the community ensure that all provisions adopted are realistic in relation to local needs and conditions; that all provisions are consistent with one another, with other local law, and with State and Federal Law; and, finally, that all provisions are clear and otherwise well drafted so that enforcement problems will be minimized.
Model Noise Control Ordinance
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The Model Noise Control Ordinance (model ordinance) is intended to be a basic tool which communities, both large and small, can use to construct noise control ordinances suited to local needs and conditions. The complete model ordinance, including optional provisions, is perhaps more suitable for larger communities, with populations of about 100,000 or more. Smaller communities and large communities with limited resources may wish to adopt only those provisions which address their most pressing noise problems. It is important that the community ensure that all provisions adopted are realistic in relation to local needs and conditions; that all provisions are consistent with one another, with other local law, and with State and Federal law; and, finally, that all provisions are clear and otherwise well drafted so that enforcement problems will be minimalized.
Model Noise Control Provisions for Building Codes and an Imlementation Manual
A.S. Harris; D.S. Keast; N.P. Miller; T.J. Schultz
August 1981
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A model municipal noise control code for buildings has been developed. Also included is an implementation manual for this code. The provisions of the code were developed with three objectives in mind. First, they attempt to minimize the adverse health and welfare effects of intruding noise without requiring the construction of economically unreasonable buildings. Proposed standards for the outdoor reduction of noise levels are achievable with existing materials and construction techniques. Secondly, enforcement for the review of plans and for the acceptance of completed buildings are described. Thirdly, this material should help jurisdictions develop a process of administrationand enforcement that is compatible with existing building code procedures. The model provisions of the proposed building code contain performance standards. These standards are administered and enforced by review of plans and inspections during and after construction of buildings.
Model On-Road Light Vehicle Noise Enforcement Procedure Manual
August 1980
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Noise from vehicular traffic has long been recognized as a potential health problem and has now reached such a point that in the recent Annual Housing Survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Model On-Road Light Vehicle Noise Enforcement Procedures Manual
January 1980
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Molecular Relaxation Effects on Sonic Boom Waveforms: A Tutorial Survey
Allan D. Pierce
November 1992
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Municipal/State Noise Ordinances - Reprinted with Permission of "Sound & Vibration" Magazine
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The enactment of city noise ordinances continues to grow in the United States. Compiled below is the current list of 652 municipalities with noise regulations, up 21% over the 1975 figure of 539. These ordinances now affect a combined population of over 67 million people. There is a continuing interest in enacting legislation with quantitative noise emission limits which replace non-quantitative or general nuisance provisions...
MVMA Response to EPA Federal Register Notices of January 27 and March 19 Regarding "Noise Emission Standards: Medium and Heavy Trucks and Truck Mounted Solid Waste Compactors"
April 1981
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MVMA has prepared this response to both present its considered position and clear up misstatements presently in the public record on this issue. It would appear from the thorough examination given by MVMA to the issues in the public record that the naton's environmental and industry interests could be best served by withdrawing the 80 dB medium and heavy truck noise standard.