Noise Pollution Clearhouse
"Good neighbors keep their noise to themselves."



From the Official Journal of the European Communities

Motor Cycles - 97/24/EC

DIRECTIVE 97/24/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 1997 on certain components and characteristics of two or three-wheel motor vehicles
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (2), Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189b of the Treaty (3) in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on 4 February 1997,
(1) Whereas it is necessary to adopt measures that are intended to ensure the operation of the internal market;
(2) Whereas, in each Member State, two or three-wheel motor vehicles must, in respect of the components and characteristics covered by this Directive, satisfy certain mandatory technical requirements which differ from one Member State to another; whereas, owing to those differences, such requirements constitute barriers to trade within the Community; whereas those barriers to the operation of the internal market may be removed if the same requirements are adopted by all of the Member States in place of their national regulations;
(3) Whereas the drawing-up of harmonized requirements concerning those components and characteristics of two and three-wheel motor vehicles is necessary in order to enable the type-approval and component type-approval procedures covered by Council Directive 92/61/EEC of30 June 1992 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheel vehicles (4) to be implemented in respect of each type of the aforesaid vehicles;
(4) Whereas, in order to facilitate access to markets in third countries, it appears necessary to establish equivalence between the requirements of Chapters 1 (tyres), 2 (lighting and light-signalling devices), 4 (rear-view mirrors) and 11 (safety belts) of the Annex to this Directive and those of United Nations ECE Regulations Nos 30, 54, 64 and 75 in respect of tyres, 3, 19, 20, 37, 38, 50, 56, 57, 72 and 82 in respect of lighting and light-signalling devices, 81 in respect of rear-view mirrors and 16 in respect of safety belts;
(5) Whereas, with regard to the aspects concerning the protection of the environment, namely atmospheric and noise pollution, it is necessary to pursue the aim of constantly improving the environment; whereas, for this purpose, limit values for pollutants and sound level must be laid down for the fastest possible application; whereas subsequent reductions in the limit values and changes in the testing procedure may be decided upon only on the basis of studies and research to be undertaken or pursued into the available or conceivable technological potential and into an analysis of their cost/benefit ratios in order to permit production, on an industrial scale, of vehicles which are able to meet these more stringent limits; whereas the decision on that subsequent reduction must be taken by the European Parliament and the Council at least three years before these limit values enter into force in order to enable the industry to take the necessary measures whereby their products may, by the intended date, comply with the new Community provisions; whereas the Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council will be based on proposals to be submitted by the Commission in due course;
(6) Whereas, pursuant to the provisions of Directive 92/61/EEC, the components and characteristics covered by this Directive may not be placed on the market and sold in the Member States unless they comply with the provisions of this Directive; whereas the Member States must take all the necessary measures to ensure fulfilment of the obligations resulting from this Directive.
(7) Whereas Member States should be enabled, by granting tax incentives, to promote the marketing of vehicles which, in advance, meet the requirements adopted at Community level concerning measures to counter pollutant and noise emissions;
(8) Whereas the methods of measuring the immunity of vehicles and separate technical units to electromagnetic radiation in order to check compliance with the provisions concerning electromagnetic compatibility (Chapter 8) require complex and costly installations; whereas, in order to enable Member States to provide such installations, provision should be made for deferring application of these measuring methods by three years from the entry into force of this Directive;
(9) Whereas, given the scale and impact of the action proposed in the sector in question, the Community measures which are the subject of this Directive are necessary, or even indispensable, to attain the objectives set, namely Community vehicle type approval; whereas these objectives cannot be adequately achieved by the Member States individually;
(10) Whereas technical progress requires rapid adaptation of the technical requirements set out in the Annex to this Directive; whereas, with the exception of the limit values for pollutants and sound level, this task should be assigned to the Commission in order to simplify and speed up the procedure; whereas, in all cases where the European Parliament and the Council confer upon the Commission authority to implement rules laid down in the two or three-wheel motor vehicle sector, it is appropriate to provide for a procedure for prior consultation between the Commission and Member States within a committee;
(11) Whereas safety or environmental requirements call for restrictions on tampering with certain types of two or three-wheel vehicle; whereas, if they are not to prove an obstacle to owner servicing and maintenance, such restrictions must be strictly limited to tampering which significantly modifies the vehicle's performance and pollutant and noise emissions;
(12) Whereas, a long as vehicles conform to the requirements of this Directive, no Member State may refuse registration or use of them; whereas the object of the requirements of this Directive should not be to oblige those Member States which do not allow two or three-wheel motor vehicles in their territory to tow a trailer to amend their rules,
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:


Article 1
This Directive and its Annex shall apply to:
- tyres,
- lighting and light
-signaling devices,
- external projections,
- rear-view mirrors,
- measures to counter air pollution,
- fuel tanks,
- measures to counter tampering,
- electromagnetic compatibility,
- permissible sound level and exhaust systems,
- coupling devices and attachments,
- safety belt anchorages and safety belts,
- glazing, windscreen wipers and washers and de-icing and demisting devices, for all types of vehicles as defined in Article 1 of Directive 92/61/EEC.

Article 2
Within three years following the date referred to in the third subparagraph of Article 8 (1), the Commission shall carry out a detailed study to ascertain whether the anti-tampering measures for vehicles, particularly those in categories A and B referred to in Chapter 7 of the Annex to this Directive, can be considered appropriate, inadequate or too extreme in light of the intended aims. In the basis of the conclusions of the study, the Commission will, if necessary, propose new legislative measures.

Article 3
1. The procedures governing the granting of component type-approval in respect of tyres, lighting and light-signalling devices, rear-view mirrors, fuel tanks, exhaust systems, safety belts and glazing for a type of two or three-wheel motor vehicle and the component type approval of a type of tyre, lighting and light-signalling device, rear-view mirror, fuel tank, exhaust system, safety belt and glazing, in the form of components, and the conditions applying to the free movement of such vehicles and for the free placing on the market of components shall be those set out in Chapters II and III respectively of Directive 92/61/EEC.
2. The procedure governing the granting of component type-approval in respect of external projections, measures to counter air pollution, measures to counter tampering, electromagnetic compatibility, permissible sound level, coupling devices for trailers and sidecar attachments, safety belt anchorages, windscreen wipers and washers and de-icing and demisting devices for a type of two or three-wheel motor vehicle, and the conditions applying to the free movement of such vehicles, shall be those set out in Chapters II and III respectively of Directive 92/61/EEC.

Article 4
1. In accordance with the provisions of Article 11 of Directive 92/61/EEC, the equivalence shall be recognized of the requirements of Chapters 1 (tyres), 2 (lighting and light-signalling devices), 4 (rear-view mirrors) and 11 (safety belts) of the Annex to this Directive and those of United Nations ECE Regulations Nos 30 (5), 54 (6), 64 (7) and 75 (8) in respect of tyres, 3 (9), 19 (10), 20 (11), 37 (12), 38 (13), 50 (14), 56 (15), 57 (16), 72 (17) and 82 (18) in respect of lighting and light-signalling devices, 81 (19) in respect of rear-view mirrors, and 16 (20) in respect of safety belts, in the version in force on the date on which this Directive is adopted. For the purposes of applying the equivalence provided for in the first subparagraph, the installation requirements in Chapters 1 and 11 shall also apply to devices approved in accordance with the corresponding United ECE Regulations.
2. The Member States' authorities granting component type approval shall accept component type approvals issued in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations referred to in paragraph 1, and component type-approval marks, instead of the corresponding component type approvals and componenttype-approval marks issued in accordance with the requirements of this Directive.

Article 5
1. Within 24 months from the date of adoption of this Directive, the Commission shall submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a proposal prepared on the basis of research and an assessment of the costs and benefits deriving from the application of tightened-up limit values and laying down a subsequent stage during which measures will be adopted aimed at further tightening of the limit values for pollutants and the sound level of the vehicles concerned, as laid down respectively in Chapter 5, Annex II, Tables I and II and Chapter 9, Annex I. In its proposal, the Commission shall take into account and assess the cost-effectiveness of the various measures for reducing pollutant and noise emissions and shall present proportionate and reasonable measuring having regard to the intended aims.
2. The Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council, adopted on the basis of the Commission proposal referred to in paragraph 1, which shall be adopted by 1 January 2001, shall take account of the need to incorporate factors other than simply limit values which have been tightened up. The costs and benefits deriving from the implementation of the measures provided for in the said Decision shall be researched and assessed, jointly with interested parties such as industry, users and groups representing consumers or the public and these shall be proportionate and reasonable in the light of the intended aims.

Article 6
1. Member States may make provision for tax incentives only for motor vehicles conforming to the air-pollution and noise-pollution measures laid down in Chapter 5, Annex I, section 2.2.1.1.3 and Annex II, Tables I and II and Chapter 9, Annex I respectively of this Directive.
2. The incentives referred to in paragraph 1 must be in line with the provisions of the Treaty and meet the following conditions: - they shall be valid for all new vehicles placed on the market of a Member State which, in advance, comply with the requirements of this Directive referred to in paragraph 1, - they shall cease upon the mandatory implementation of the measures referred to in paragraph 1, - they shall, for each type of motor vehicle, involve lower amounts than the extra cost of the technical solutions applied and of their incorporation into the motor vehicle to enable the values laid down to be met.
3. The Commission shall be informed in good time of any intentions to introduce or alter any of the tax incentives referred to in paragraph 1, so that it can submit its comments.

Article 7
The changes needed:
- to take into account any amendments to the United Nations ECE Regulations referred to in Article 4,
- to adapt the Annex to technical progress - apart from the limit values for air and noise pollution set out in Chapter 5, Annex I, section 2.2.1.1.3, and Annex II, Tables I and II, and in Chapter 9, Annex I respectively, shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers (21).

Article 8
1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 18 December 1998. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. From the date referred to in the first subparagraph, Member States may no longer prohibit the first entry into service of vehicles complying with the provisions of this Directive or of certain of its chapters. They shall apply these provisions from 17 June 1999. However, the implementation of certain provisions in Chapters 5, 8 and 9 shall be deferred as specified in the said chapters.
2. When Member States adopt the measures referred to in paragraph 1, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.

Article 9
1. Council Directive 80/780(EEC of 22 July 1980 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to rear-view mirrors for two-wheeled motor vehicles with or without a side-car and to their fitting on such vehicles (22) shall be repealed when this Directive becomes applicable.
2. However, components for which approvals as laid down in Annex I to the Directive referred to in paragraph 1 have been granted may continue to be used.
3. Council Directive 78/1015/EEC of 23 November 1978 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States on the permissible sound level and exhaust system of motorcycles (23) shall be repealed on the date referred to the first subparagraph of Article 8.
4. Until the date referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 8 (1), approvals as referred to in Directive 78/1015/EEC may be granted for type approvals of vehicles referred to in Directive 92/61/EEC. The limit values laid down for noise levels in Annex I, section 2.2.1 of Directive 78/1015/EEC shall apply. Article 15 (4) (c) of Directive 92/61/EEC shall therefore apply when such vehicles are first put into service.
5. On the entry into force of this Directive, the provisions of Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3 May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (24) shall cease to apply to vehicles covered by this Directive.

Article 10
This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Article 11
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 17 June 1997.
For the European Parliament
The President
J. M. GIL-ROBLES
For the Council
The President
A. JORRITSMA-LEBBINK

(1) OJ No C 177, 29. 6. 1994, p. 1, and OJ No C 21, 25. 1. 1996, p. 23.
(2) OJ No C 195, 18. 7. 1994, p. 77.
(3) Opinion of the European Parliament of 18 May 1995 (OJ No C 151, 19. 6. 1995, p. 184), common position of the Council of 23 November 1995 (OJ No C 190, 29. 6. 1996, p. 1) and Decision of the European Parliament of 19 June 1996 (OJ No C 198, 9. 7. 1996, p. 23). Decision of the European Parliament of 24 April 1997; Council Decision of 12 May 1997.
(4) OJ No L 225, 10. 8. 1992, p. 72.
(5) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 29.
(6) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 53.
(7) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 63.
(8) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 74.
(9) E/ECE/TRANS/324/ADD 2.
(10) E/ECE/TRANS/324/REV 1/ADD 18.
(11) E/ECE/TRANS/324/REV 1/ADD 19.
(12) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 36.
(13) E/ECE/TRANS/324/REV 1/ADD 37.
(14) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 49.
(15) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 55.
(16) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 56.
(17) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 71.
(18) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 81.
(19) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 80.
(20) E/ECE/TRANS/505/REV 1/ADD 15.
(21) OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 96/27/EC (OJ No L 169, 8. 7. 1996, p. 1).
(22) OJ No L 229, 30. 8. 1980, p. 49. Directive as last amended by Directive 80/1272/EEC (OJ No L 375, 31. 12. 1980, p. 73).
(23) OJ No L 349, 13. 12. 1978, p. 21. Directive as last amended by Directive 89/235/EEC (OJ No L 98, 11. 4. 1989, p. 1).
(24) OJ No L 139, 23. 5. 1989, p. 19. Directive as last amended by Directive 93/97/EEC (OJ No L 290, 24. 11. 1993, p. 1).

CHAPTER 9 PERMISSIBLE SOUND LEVEL AND EXHAUST SYSTEM OF TWO OR THREE-WHEEL MOTOR VEHICLES

LIST OF ANNEXES
Page
ANNEX I Sound level limits in dB(A) and dates of entry into force for component type-approval regarding the permissible sound level of a type of two or three-wheel motor vehicle .......... 344
ANNEX II Requirements for two-wheel mopeds .......... 345
1. Definitions .......... 345
2. Component type-approval in respect of the sound level and original exhaust system, as a separate technical unit, of a type of two-wheel moped .......... 345
3. Component type-approval of a non-original exhaust system or components thereof, as separate technical units, for a type of two-wheel moped .......... 355
Appendix 1A Information document in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of two-wheel moped .......... 357
Appendix 1B Component type-approval certificate in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system(s) of a type of two-wheel moped .......... 358
Appendix 2A Information document in respect of a non-original exhaust system or component(s) thereof, as separate technical unit(s), for a type of two-wheel moped .......... 359
Appendix 2B Component type-approval certificate in respect of a non-original exhaust system for a type of two-wheel moped .......... 360
ANNEX III Requirements for motorcycles .......... 361
1. Definitions .......... 361
2. Component type-approval in respect of the sound level and original exhaust system, as a separate technical unit, of a type of motorcycle .......... 361
3. Component type-approval of a non-original exhaust system or components thereof, as separate technical units, for a type of motorcycle .......... 370
Appendix 1A Information document in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of motorcycle .......... 372
Appendix 1B Component type-approval certificate in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system(s) of a type of motorcycle .......... 373
Appendix 2A Information document in respect of a non-original exhaust system or component(s) thereof, as separate technical unit(s), for a type of motorcycle .......... 374
Appendix 2B Component type-approval certificate in respect of a non-original exhaust system for a type of motorcycle .......... 375
ANNEX IV Requirements for three-wheel mopeds and tricycles .......... 376
1. Definitions .......... 376
2. Component type-approval in respect of the sound level and original exhaust system, as a separate technical unit, of a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle 376
3. Component type-approval of a non-original exhaust system or components thereof, as separate technical units, for a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle 385
Appendix 1A Information document in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle .......... 387
Appendix 1B Component type-approval certificate in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system(s) of a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle .......... 388
Appendix 2A Information document in respect of a non-original exhaust system or component(s) thereof, as separate technical unit(s), for a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle .......... 389
Appendix 2B Component type-approval certificate for a non-original exhaust system for a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle .......... 390
ANNEX V Production conformity requirements .......... 391
ANNEX VI Marking requirements .......... 392
ANNEX VII Test track specifications .......... 393


ANNEX I
>TABLE POSITION>

ANNEX II

REQUIREMENTS FOR TWO-WHEEL MOPEDS
1. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Chapter:
1.1. 'type of two-wheel moped as regards its sound level and exhaust system` means mopeds which do not differ in such essential respects as the following:
1.1.1. type of engine (two or four-stroke, reciprocating piston engine or rotary-piston engine, number and capacity of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection systems, arrangement of valves, maximum net power and corresponding speed).
The cubic capacity of rotary-piston engines is deemed to be double of the volume of the chamber;
1.1.2. transmission system, in particular the number and ratios of the gears;
1.1.3. number, type and arrangement of exhaust systems.
1.2. 'exhaust system` or 'silencer` means a complete set of components necessary to limit the noise caused by a moped engine and its exhaust.
1.2.1. 'original exhaust system or silencer` means a system of the type fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be the one first fitted or a replacement.
1.2.2. 'non-original exhaust system or silencer` means a system of a type other than that fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be used only as a replacement exhaust system or silencer.
1.3. 'exhaust systems of differing types` means systems which are fundamentally different in one of the following ways:
1.3.1. systems comprising components bearing different factory or trade marks;
1.3.2. systems comprising any component made of materials of different characteristics or comprising components which are of a different shape or size;
1.3.3. systems in which the operating principles of at least one component are different;
1.3.4. systems comprising components in different combinations.
1.4. 'component of an exhaust system` means one of the individual components which together form the exhaust system (such as exhaust pipework, the silencer proper) and the intake system (air filter) if any. If the engine has to be equipped with an intake system (air filter and/or intake noise absorber) in order to comply with the maximum permissible sound levels, the filter and/or the absorber must be treated as components having the same importance as the exhaust system.


2. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL IN RESPECT OF THE SOUND LEVEL AND ORIGINAL EXHAUST SYSTEM, AS A SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT, OF A TYPE OF TWO-WHEEL MOPED
2.1. Noise of the two-wheel moped in motion (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle during component type-approval).
2.1.1. Limits: see Annex I.
2.1.2. Measuring instruments
2.1.2.1. Acoustic measurements The apparatus used for measuring the sound-level must be a precision sound-level meter of the type described in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publication 179 'Precision sound-level meters`, second edition. Measurements must be carried out using the 'fast` response and the 'A` weighting also described in that publication.
At the beginning and end of each series of measurements the sound-level meter must be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using an appropriate sound source (e.g. pistonphone).
2.1.2.2. Speed measurements
Engine speed and moped speed on the test track must be determined to within ± 3 %.
2.1.3. Conditions of measurement
2.1.3.1. Condition of the moped
The combined weight of the rider and the test equipment used on the moped must be no more than 90 kg and no less than 70 kg. If necessary, weights must be added to the moped to bring the combined weight up to at least 70 kg.
During the measurements the moped must be in running order (including coolant, oils, fuel, tools, spare wheel and rider).
Before the measurements are made the moped must be brought to the normal operating temperature.
If the moped is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system must not be interfered with during the sound measurements. For mopeds having more than one driven wheel, only the drive provided for normal road operation may be used. Where a moped is fitted with a sidecar, this must be removed for the purposes of the test.
2.1.3.2. Test site
The test site must consist of a central acceleration section surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The acceleration section must be flat; its surface must be dry and such that surface noise remains low. On the test site the variations in the free sound field between the sound source at the centre of the acceleration section and the microphone must not exceed 1 dB. This condition will be deemed to be met if there are no large objects which reflect sound, such as fences, rocks, bridges or buildings, within 50 m of the centre of the acceleration section. The road surface covering of the test track must conform to the requirements of Annex VII.
The microphone must not be obstructed in any way which could affect the sound field, and no person may stand between the microphone and the sound source. The observer carrying out the measurements must so position himself as not to affect the readings of the measuring instrument.
2.1.3.3. Miscellaneous
Measurements must not be made in poor atmospheric conditions. It must be ensured that the results are not affected by gusts of wind. For measurements, the A-weighted sound level of sound sources other than those of the vehicle to be tested and of wind effects must be at least 10 dB(A) below the sound level produced by the vehicle. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity and directional characteristics of the microphone.
If the difference between the ambient noise and the measured noise is between 10 and 16 dB(A), in order to calculate the test results the appropriate correction must be subtracted from the readings on the sound-level meter, as in the following graph:
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.1.4. Method of measurement
2.1.4.1. Nature and number of measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) must be measured as the moped travels between lines AA' and BB' (figure 1). The measurement will be invalid if an abnormal discrepancy between the peak value and the general sound level is recorded. At least two measurements must be taken on each side of the moped.
2.1.4.2. Positioning of the microphone
The microphone must be located 7,5 m ± 0,2 m from the reference line CC' (figure 1) of the track and 1,2 m ± 0,1 m above ground level.
2.1.4.3. Conditions of operation
The moped must approach line AA' at an initial steady speed as specified in 2.1.4.3.1. When the front of the moped reaches line AA' the throttle must be fully opened as quickly as practically possible and kept in that position until the rear of the moped reaches line BB'; the throttle must then be returned as quickly as possible to the idle position.
For all measurements the moped must be ridden in a straight line over the acceleration section keeping the median longitudinal plane of the moped as close as possible to line CC'.
2.1.4.3.1. Approach speed
The moped must approach line AA' at a steady speed of 30 km/h or at its top speed if this is less than 30 km/h.
2.1.4.3.2. Selection of gear ratio
- If the moped is fitted with a manual-shift gearbox the highest gear which allows it to cross line AA' at least half the full-power engine speed must be selected.
- If the moped has an automatic transmission, it must be ridden at the speeds indicated in 2.1.4.3.1.
2.1.5. Results (test report)
2.1.5.1. the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B must indicate any circumstances and influences affecting the results of the measurements.
2.1.5.2. The values taken must be rounded off to the nearest decibel. If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up.
Only those measurements whose variation in two consecutive tests on the same side of the moped is less than or equal to 2 dB(A) may be used for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B.
2.1.5.3. To take account of inaccuracies in the measurements, the result of each measurement must be arrived at by deducting 1 dB(A) from the value obtained in accordance with 2.1.5.2.
2.1.5.4. If the average of the four results of the measurements does not exceed the maximum permissible level for the category to which the moped being tested belongs, the limits laid down in 2.1.1 will be deemed as being complied with.
This average value will constitute the result of the test.

Figure 1 Test for vehicle in motion
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

Figure 2 Test for stationary vehicle
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.2. Noise from stationary moped (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle in use)
2.2.1. Sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the moped In order to facilitate subsequent noise tests on mopeds in use, the sound-pressure level must also be measured in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust-system outlet (silencer) in accordance with the following requirements, the result of the measurement being entered in the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B.
2.2.2. Measuring instruments
A precision sound-level meter as defined in 2.1.2.1 must be used.
2.2.3. Conditions of measurement
2.2.3.1. Condition of the moped
Before the measurements are made the moped engine must be brought to the normal operating temperature. If the moped is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system must not be interfered with during the sound measurements.
During the measurements the gearbox must be in neutral gear. If it is impossible to disconnect the transmission, the driving wheel of the moped must be allowed to rotate freely, for example by placing the vehicle on its centre stand.
2.2.3.2. Test site (Figure 2)
Any area in which there are no significant acoustic disturbances may be used as a test site. Flat surfaces which are covered with concrete, asphalt or some other hard material and are highly reflective are suitable; surfaces consisting of earth which has been tamped down must not be used. The test site must be in the form of a rectangle whose sides are at least 3 m from the outer edge of the moped (handlebars excluded). There must be no significant obstacles, e.g. no persons other than the rider and the observer may stand within this rectangle.
The moped must be positioned within the said rectangle so that the microphone used for measurement is at least 1 m from any kerb.
2.2.3.3. Miscellaneous
Readings of the measuring instrument caused by ambient noise and wind effects must be at least 10 dB(A) lower than the sound levels to be measured. A suitable windshield may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity of the microphone.
2.2.4. Method of measurement
2.2.4.1. Nature and number of measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) must be measured during the period of operation laid down in 2.2.4.3. At least three measurements must be taken at each measuring point.
2.2.4.2. Positioning of the microphone (Figure 2)
The microphone must be positioned level with the exhaust outlet or 0,2 m above the surface of the track, whichever is the higher. The microphone diaphragm must face towards the exhaust outlet at a distance of 0,5 m from it. The axis of maximum sensitivity of the microphone must be parallel to the surface of the track at an angle of 45° ± 10° to the vertical plane of the direction of the exhaust emissions.
In relation to this vertical plane, the microphone must be located on the side which gives the maximum possible distance between the microphone and the outline of the moped (handlebars excluded). If the exhaust system has more than one outlet at centres less than 0,3 m apart, the microphone must be faced towards the outlet which is nearest the moped (handlebars excluded) or towards the outlet which is highest above the surface of the track. If the centres of the outlets are more than 0,3 m apart, separate measurements must be taken for each of them, the highest figure recorded being taken as the test value.
2.2.4.3. Operating conditions
The engine speed must be held steady at one of the following values:
- >NUM>S >DEN>2 if S is more than 5 000 rpm,
- >NUM>3S >DEN> 4 if S is not more than 5 000 rpm,
where 'S` is the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A. When a constant engine speed is reached, the throttle must be returned swiftly to the idle position. The sound level must be measured during an operating cycle consisting of a brief period of constant engine speed and throughout the deceleration period, the maximum sound-level meter reading being taken as the test value.
2.2.5. Results (test report)
2.2.5.1. the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B must indicate all relevant data and particularly those used in measuring the noise of the stationary moped.
2.2.5.2. Values, rounded off to the nearest decibel, must be read off the measuring instrument.
Only those measurements which vary by no more than 2 dB(A) in three consecutive tests will be used.
2.2.5.3. The highest of the three measurements constitutes the test result.
2.3. Original exhaust system (silencer)
2.3.1. Requirements for silencers containing absorbent fibrous materials
2.3.1.1. Absorbent fibrous material must be asbestos-free and may be used in the construction of silencers only if it is securely held in place throughout the service life of the silencer and it meets the requirements of any one of sections 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.3 or 2.3.1.4.
2.3.1.2. After removal of the fibrous material, the sound level must comply with the requirements of 2.1.1.
2.3.1.3. The absorbent fibrous material may not be placed in those parts of the silencer through which the exhaust gases pass and must comply with the following requirements:
2.3.1.3.1. The material must be heated at a temperature of 650° ± 5 °C for four hours in a furnace without reduction in average length, diameter or bulk density of the fibre;
2.3.1.3.2. After heating at 650° ± 5 °C for one hour in a furnace, at least 98 % of the material must be retained in a sieve of nominal mesh size 250 ìm complying with ISO standard 3310/1 when tested in accordance with ISO standard 2599;
2.3.1.3.3. The loss in weight of the material must not exceed 10,5 % after soaking for 24 hours at 90° ± 5 °C in a synthetic condensate of the following composition:
- 1 N hydrobromic acid (HBr): 10 ml
- 1 N sulphuric acid (H2SO4): 10 ml
- Distilled water to make up to 1 000 ml.
Note:
The material must be washed in distilled water and dried for one hour at 105 °C before weighing.
2.3.1.4. Before the system is tested in accordance with 2.1, it must be put into normal working order by one of the following methods:
2.3.1.4.1. Conditioning by continuous road operation;
.2.3.1.4.1.1. The minimum distance to be travelled during conditioning must be 2 000 km.
2.3.1.4.1.2. 50 % ± 10 % of this conditioning cycle must consist of town driving and the remainder of long-distance runs; the continuous road cycle may be replaced by a corresponding test-track programme.
2.3.1.4.1.3. The two speed regimes must be alternated at least six times.
2.3.1.4.1.4. The complete test programme must include at least 10 breaks lasting at least three hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.
2.3.1.4.2. Conditioning by pulsation
2.3.1.4.2.1. The exhaust system or components thereof must be fitted to the moped or to the engine.
In the former case, the moped must be mounted on a roller dynamometer. In the second case, the engine must be mounted on a test bench.
The test apparatus, as shown in detail in Figure 3, is fitted at the outlet of the exhaust system. Any other apparatus giving equivalent results is acceptable.
2.3.1.4.2.2. The test equipment must be adjusted so that the flow of exhaust gases is alternately interrupted and restored 2 500 times by a rapid-action valve.
2.3.1.4.2.3. The valve must open when the exhaust gas back-pressure, measured at least 100 mm downstream of the intake flange, reaches a value of between 0,35 and 0,40 bar. Should such a figure be unattainable because of the engine characteristics, the valve must open when the gas back-pressure reaches a level equivalent to 90 % of the maximum that can be measured before the engine stops. It must close when this pressure differs by no more than 10 % from its stabilized value with the valve open.
2.3.1.4.2.4. The time-lapse relay must be set for the duration of the exhaust gases calculated on the basis of the requirements of 2.3.1.4.2.3.
2.3.1.4.2.5. Engine speed must be 75 % of the speed (S) at which the engine develops maximum power.
2.3.1.4.2.6. The power indicated by the dynamometer must be 50 % of the full-throttle power measured at 75 % of engine speed (S).
2.3.1.4.2.7. Any drainage holes must be closed off during the test.
2.3.1.4.2.8. The entire test must be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, a cooling period must be allowed after each hour.
2.3.1.4.3. Conditioning on a test bench
2.3.1.4.3.1. The exhaust system must be fitted to an engine representative of the type fitted to the moped for which the system is designed, and mounted on a test bench.
2.3.1.4.3.2. Conditioning consists of three test-bench cycles.
2.3.1.4.3.3. Each test-bench cycle must be followed by a break of at least 6 hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.
2.3.1.4.3.4. Each test-bench cycle consists of six phases. The engine conditions and duration are as follows for each phase:
>TABLE POSITION>
2.3.1.4.3.5. During this conditioning procedure, at the request of the manufacturer, the engine and the silencer may be cooled in order that the temperature recorded at a point not more than 100 mm from the exhaust gas outlet does not exceed that measured when the moped is running at 75 % S in top gear. The engine and/or moped speeds must be determined with an accuracy of ± 3 %.

Figure 3 Test apparatus for conditioning by pulsation
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
>TABLE POSITION>
2.3.2. Diagram and markings
2.3.2.1. A diagram and a cross-sectional drawing indicating the dimensions of the exhaust system(s) must be annexed to the document referred to in Appendix 1A.
2.3.2.2. All original silencers must bear the 'e` mark followed by the identification of the country which granted the component type-approval. This reference must be legible and indelible and also visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.
2.3.2.3. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems must be marked legibly with the words 'original part` and the make and type references integrated together with the 'e` mark together with the reference of the country of origin.
2.3.3. Intake silencer
If the engine intake has to be fitted with an air filter and/or intake silencer in order to comply with the permissible sound level, the filter and/or silencer must be regarded as part of the silencer and the requirements of 2.3 will also apply to them.

3. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL OF A NON-ORIGINAL EXHAUST SYSTEM OR COMPONENTS THEREOF, AS A SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT, FOR TWO-WHEEL MOPEDS This point applies to the component type-approval, as separate technical units, of exhaust systems or components thereof intended to be fitted to one or more particular types of moped as non-original replacement parts.
3.1. Definition
3.1.1. 'Non-original replacement exhaust system or components thereof` means any exhaust system component as defined in 1.2 intended to be fitted to a moped to replace that of the type fitted to the moped when the document provided for in Appendix 1B was issued.
3.2. Application for component type-approval
3.2.1. Applications for component type-approval for replacement exhaust systems or components thereof as separate technical units must be submitted by the manufacturer of the system or by his authorized representative.
3.2.2. For each type of replacement exhaust system or components thereof for which approval is requested, the component type-approval application must be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate, and by the following particulars:
3.2.2.1. - description, in respect of the characteristics referred to in 1.1, of the type(s) of moped for which the system(s) or component(s) is/are intended.
- The numbers and/or symbols specific to the type of engine and moped must be given;
3.2.2.2. - description of the replacement exhaust system stating the relative position of each of its components, together with the fitting instructions;
3.2.2.3. - drawings of each component to facilitate location and identification, and statement of materials used. These drawings must also indicate the intended location of the mandatory component type-approval number.
3.2.3. The applicant must submit, at the request of the technical service:
3.2.3.1. - two samples of the system for which component type-approval is requested;
3.2.3.2. - an exhaust system conforming to that originally fitted to the moped when the document provided for in Appendix 1B was issued;
3.2.3.3. - a moped representative of the type to which the replacement exhaust system is to be fitted, supplied in such a condition that, when fitted with a silencer of the same type as was originally fitted, it meets the requirements of either of the following two sections:
3.2.3.3.1. if the moped referred to in 3.2.3.3 is of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Chapter:
- during the test in motion, it does not exceed by more than 1 dB(A) the limit value laid down in 2.1.1;
- during the stationary test, it does not exceed by more than 3 dB(A) the value recorded when the moped was granted type-approval and indicated on the manufacturer's data plate;
3.2.3.3.2. if the moped referred to in 3.2.3.3 is not of a type which has been granted type-approval in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter, it does not exceed by more than 1 dB(A) the limit value applicable to that type of moped when it was first put into service;
3.2.3.4. - a separate engine identical to that fitted to the moped referred to above, where the competent authorities deem necessary.
3.3. Markings and inscriptions
3.3.1. Non-original exhaust systems or components thereof must be marked in accordance with the requirements of Annex VI.
3.4. Component type-approval
3.4.1. Upon completion of the tests laid down in this chapter, the competent authority will issue a certificate based on the model set out in Appendix 2B. The component type-approval number must be preceded by a rectangle surrounding the letter 'e` followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which issued or refused the component type-approval. The exhaust system which is granted component type-approval is deemed to conform to the provisions of Chapter 7.
3.5. Specifications
3.5.1. General specifications
The design, construction and mounting of the silencer must be such that:
3.5.1.1. - the moped complies with the requirements of the Chapter under normal conditions of use, and in particular regardless of any vibrations to which it may be subjected;
3.5.1.2. - it displays reasonable resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed, with due regard to the normal conditions of use of the moped;
3.5.1.3. - the ground clearance available under the silencer originally fitted, and the angle at which the moped can lean over, are not reduced;
3.5.1.4. - the surface does not reach unduly high temperatures;
3.5.1.5. - its outline has no projections or sharp edges;
3.5.1.6. - shock absorbers and suspension have adequate clearance;
3.5.1.7. - adequate safety clearance is provided for pipes;
3.5.1.8. - it is impact-resistant in a way that is compatible with clearly-defined maintenance and installation requirements.
3.5.2. Specifications for sound levels
3.5.2.1. The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust systems or components thereof must be tested using the methods described in 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 and 2.1.5.
With a replacement exhaust system or component thereof fitted to the moped referred to in 3.2.3.3, the sound-level values obtained must meet the following conditions:
3.5.2.1.1. they must not exceed the values measured, in accordance with 3.2.3.3, using the same moped fitted with the original equipment silencer both during the test in motion and during the stationary test.
3.5.3. Testing of moped performance
3.5.3.1. The replacement silencer must be such as to ensure that the moped's performance is comparable to that achieved with the original silencer or component thereof.
3.5.3.2. The replacement silencer must be compared with an originally-fitted silencer, also in new condition, fitted in turn to the moped referred to in 3.2.3.3.
3.5.3.3. This test is carried out by measuring the engine power curve. The net maximum power and the top speed measured with the replacement silencer must not deviate from the net maximum power and top speed measured under the same conditions with the original equipment silencer by more than ± 5 %.
3.5.4. Additional provisions relating to silencers as separate technical units containing fibrous material.
Fibrous material may not be used in the construction of such silencers unless the requirements set out in section 2.3.1 of this Annex are met.


Appendix 1A

Information document in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of two-wheel moped
>START OF GRAPHIC>
(To be attached to the component type-approval application where this is submitted separately from the vehicle type-approval application)
Order No (assigned by applicant): ..........
The component type-approval application in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of two-wheel moped must include the details listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992, part A, sections:
0.1,
0.2,
0.5,
0.6,
2.1,
3,
3.0,
3.1,
3.1.1,
3.2.1.7,
3.2.8.3.3,
3.2.8.3.3.1,
3.2.8.3.3.2,
3.2.9,
3.2.9.1,
4,
4.1,
4.2,
4.3,
4.4,
4.4.1,
4.4.2,
4.5,
4.6,
5.2.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 1B
Component type-approval certificate in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system(s) of a type of two-wheel moped
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Name of administration Report No: ..........
by technical service: ..........
Date: ..........
Component type-approval No: ..........
No of extension: ..........
1. Trade name or mark of vehicle: ..........
2. Type of vehicle: ..........
3. Variant(s) (if any): ..........
4. Version(s) (if any): ..........
5. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
6. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
7. Original exhaust system type(s): ..........
8. Intake system type(s) (where essential to observe sound level limit): ..........
9. Noise level of the vehicle when stationary: . . . dB(A) at: . . . rpm.
10. Date vehicle submitted for testing: ..........
11. Component type-approval granted/refused (¹).
12. Place: ..........
13. Date: ..........
14. Signature: ..........
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 2A

Information document in respect of a non-original exhaust system or component(s) thereof, as separate technical unit(s), for a type of two-wheel moped
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Order No (assigned by applicant): ..........
The component type-approval application for a non-original exhaust system for two-wheel mopeds must include the following details:
1. Make: ..........
2. Type: ..........
3. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
5. Component list of the technical unit (attach drawings): ..........
6. Make(s) and type(s) of moped for which the silencer is designed
(¹): ..........
7. Any restrictions on use and fitting instructions: ....................
In addition, the application must include the details listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992, part A, sections:
0.1,
0.2,
0.5,
0.6,
2.1,
3,
3.0,
3.1,
3.1.1,
3.2.1.7,
4,
4.1,
4.2,
4.3,
4.4,
4.4.1,
4.4.2,
4.5,
4.6,
5.2.
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 2B

Component type-approval certificate in respect of a non-original exhaust system for two-wheel mopeds
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Name of administration
Report No: ..........
by technical service: ..........
Date: ..........
Component type-approval No: ..........
No of extension: ..........
1. Make of exhaust: ..........
2. Type of exhaust: ..........
3. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
5. Make(s) and type(s) and any variant(s) or version(s) of the vehicle(s) for which the exhaust system is designed: ..........
6. Date system submitted for testing: ..........
7. Component type-approval granted/refused (¹).
8. Place: ..........
9. Date: ..........
10. Signature: ..........
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>


ANNEX III

REQUIREMENTS FOR MOTORCYCLES

1. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Chapter:
1.1. 'type of motorcycle as regards its sound level and exhaust system` means motorcycles which do not differ in such essential respects as the following:
1.1.1. type of engine (two or four-stroke, reciprocating piston engine or rotary-piston engine, number and capacity of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection systems, arrangement of valves, net maximum power and corresponding speed).
The cubic capacity of rotary-piston engines is deemed to be double the volume of the chamber;
1.1.2. transmission system, in particular the number and ratios of the gears;
1.1.3. number, type and arrangement of exhaust systems.
1.2. 'exhaust system` or 'silencer` means a complete set of components necessary to limit the noise caused by a motorcycle engine and its exhaust.
1.2.1. 'original exhaust system or silencer` means a system of the type fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be the one first fitted or a replacement.
1.2.2. 'non-original exhaust system or silencer` means a system of a type other than that fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be used only as a replacement exhaust system or silencer.
1.3. 'exhaust systems of differing types` means systems which are fundamentally different in one of the following ways:
1.3.1. systems comprising components bearing different factory or trade marks;
1.3.2. systems comprising any component made of materials of different characteristics or comprising components which are of a different shape or size;
1.3.3. systems in which the operating principles of at least one component are different;
1.3.4. systems comprising components in different combinations.
1.4. 'component of an exhaust system` means one of the individual components which together form the exhaust system (such as exhaust pipework, the silencer proper) and the intake system (air filter) if any. If the engine has to be equipped with an intake system (air filter and/or intake noise absorber) in order to comply with the maximum permissible sound levels, the filter and/or the absorber must be treated as components having the same importance as the exhaust system.

2. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL IN RESPECT OF THE SOUND LEVEL AND ORIGINAL EXHAUST SYSTEM, AS A SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT, OF A TYPE OF MOTORCYCLE
2.1. Noise of the motorcycle in motion (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle during component type-approval)
2.1.1. Limits: see Annex I.
2.1.2. Measuring instruments
2.1.2.1. Acoustic measurements The apparatus used for measuring the sound level must be a precision sound-level meter of the type described in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publication 179 'Precision sound-level meters`, second edition. Measurements must be carried out using the 'fast` response and the 'A` weighting also described in that publication.
At the beginning and end of each series of measurements the sound-level meter must be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using an appropriate sound source (e.g. pistonphone).
2.1.2.2. Speed measurements
Engine speed and motorcycle speed on the test track must be determined to within ± 3 %.
2.1.3. Conditions of measurement
2.1.3.1. Condition of the motorcycle
During the measurements the motorcycle must be in running order (including coolant, oils, fuel, tools, spare wheel and rider). Before the measurements are made the motorcycle must be brought to the normal operating temperature. If the motorcycle is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system must not be interfered with during the sound measurements. For motorcycles having more than one driven wheel, only the drive provided for normal road operation may be used. Where a motorcycle is fitted with a sidecar, this must be removed for the purposes of the test.
2.1.3.2. Test site
The test site must consist of a central acceleration section surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The acceleration section must be flat; its surface must be dry and such that surface noise remains low. On the test site the variations in the free sound field between the sound source at the centre of the acceleration section and the microphone must not exceed 1 dB. This condition will be deemed to be met if there are no large objects which reflect sound, such as fences, rocks, bridges or buildings, within 50 m of the centre of the acceleration section. The road surface covering of the test site must conform to the requirements of Annex VII.
The mircrophone must not be obstructed in any way which could affect the sound field, and no person may stand between the microphone and the sound source. The observer carrying out the measurements must so position himself as not to affect the readings of the measuring instrument.
2.1.3.3. Miscellaneous
Measurements must not be made in poor atmospheric conditions. It must be ensured that the results are not affected by gusts of wind. For measurements, the A-weighted sound level of sound sources other than those of the vehicle to be tested and of wind effects must be at least 10 dB(A) below the sound level produced by the vehicle. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity and directional characteristics of the microphone.
If the difference between the ambient noise and the measured noise is between 10 and 16 dB(A), in order to calculate the test results the appropriate correction must be subtracted from the readings on the sound-level meter, as in the following graph:
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.1.4. Method of measurement
2.1.4.1. Nature and number of measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) must be measured as the motorcycle travels between lines AA' and BB' (figure 1). The measurement will be invalid if an abnormal discrepancy between the peak value and the general sound level is recorded.
At least two measurements must be taken on each side of the motorcycle.
2.1.4.2. Positioning of the microphone
The microphone must be located 7,5 m ± 0,2 m from the reference line CC' (Figure 1) of the track and 1,2 m ± 0,1 m above ground level.
2.1.4.3. Conditions of operation
The motorcycle must approach line AA' at an initial steady speed as specified in 2.1.4.3.1 and 2.1.4.3.2. When the front of the motorcycle reaches line AA' the throttle must be fully opened as quickly as practically possible and kept in that position until the rear of the motorcycle reaches line BB'; the throttle must then be returned as quickly as possible to the idle position.
For all measurements the motorcycle must be ridden in a straight line over the acceleration section keeping the longitudinal median plane of the motorcycle as close as possible to line CC'.
2.1.4.3.1. Motorcycles with non-automatic gearboxes
2.1.4.3.1.1. Approach speed
The motorcycle must approach line AA' at a steady speed
- 50 km/h
or
- corresponding to an engine speed equal to 75 % of the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A. The lower of these speeds must be selected.
2.1.4.3.1.2. Selection of gear ratio
2.1.4.3.1.2.1. Motorcycles fitted with a gearbox having a maximum of four ratios, whatever the cylinder capacity of their engines, must be tested only in second gear.
2.1.4.3.1.2.2. Motorcycles fitted with engines having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 175 cm³ and a gearbox with five ratios or more must be tested only in third gear.
2.1.4.3.1.2.3. Motorcycles fitted with engines having a cylinder capacity of more than 175 cm³ and a gearbox with five ratios or more must be tested once in second gear and once in third gear. The result used must be the average of the two tests.
2.1.4.3.1.2.4. If, during the test carried out in second gear (see 2.1.4.3.1.2.1 and 2.1.4.3.1.2.3), the engine speed on the approach to the line marking the end of the test track exceeds 100 % of the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A, the test must be carried out in third gear and the sound level measured must be the only one recorded as the test result. 2.1.4.3.2. Motorcycles with automatic gearboxes
2.1.4.3.2.1. Motorcycles without a manual selector
2.1.4.3.2.1.1. Approach speed
The motorcycle must approach line AA' at steady speeds of 30, 40 and 50 km/h or 75 % of the maximum road speed if that value is lower. The condition giving the highest sound level is chosen.
2.1.4.3.2.2. Motorcycles equipped with a manual selector with X forward drive positions
2.1.4.3.2.2.1. Approach speed
The motorcycle must approach line AA' at a steady speed of:
- less than 50 km/h, the engine rotation speed being equal to 75 % of the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A,
or
- 50 km/h, the engine rotation speed being less than 75 % of the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A.
If, in the test at a steady speed of 50 km/h, the gears change down to first, the approach speed of the motorcycle may be increased to a maximum of 60 km/h to avoid the changedown.
2.1.4.3.2.2.2. Position of the manual selector If the motorcycle is equipped with a manual selector with X forward drive positions, the test must be carried out with the selector in the highest position; the voluntary device for changing down (e.g. kickdown) must not be used. If an automatic changedown takes place after line AA', the test must be begun again using the second-highest position or the third-highest position if necessary, in order to find the highest position of the selector at which the test can be performed without an automatic changedown (without using the kickdown).
2.1.5. Results (test report)
2.1.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B must indicate any circumstances and influences affecting the results of the measurements.
2.1.5.2. Readings taken must be rounded off to the nearest decibel. If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up.
Only those measurements whose variation in two consecutive tests on the same side of the motorcycle is less than or equal to 2 dB(A) may be used for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B.
2.1.5.3. To take account of inaccuracies in the measurements, the result of each measurement must be arrived at by deducting 1 dB(A) from the value obtained in accordance with 2.1.5.2.
2.1.5.4. If the average of the four results of the measurements does not exceed the maximum permissible level for the category to which the vehicle being tested belongs, the limit laid down in 2.1.1 will be deemed as being complied with. This average value will constitute the result of the test.
2.2. Noise from stationary motorcycle (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle in use)
2.2.1. Sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the motorcycle
In order to facilitate subsequent noise tests on motorcycles in use, the sound-pressure level must also be measured in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust-system outlet in accordance with the following requirements, the result of the measurement being entered in the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B.
2.2.2. Measuring instruments
A precision sound-level meter as defined in 2.1.2.1 must be used.
2.2.3. Conditions of measurement
2.2.3.1. Condition of the motorcycle
Before the measurements are made the motorcycle engine must be brought to the normal operating temperature. If the motorcycle is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system must not be interfered with during the sound measurements.
During the measurements the gearbox must be in neutral gear. If it is impossible to disconnect the transmission, the driving wheel of the motorcycle must be allowed to rotate freely, for example by placing the vehicle on its centre stand.
2.2.3.2. Test site (Figure 2)
Any area in which there are no significant acoustic disturbances may be used as a test site. Flat surfaces which are covered with concrete, asphalt or some other hard material and are highly reflective are suitable; surfaces consisting of earth which has been tamped down must not be used. The test site must be in the form of a rectangle whose sides are at least 3 m from the outer edge of the motorcycle (handlebars excluded). There must be no significant obstacles, e.g. no persons other than the rider and the observer may stand within this rectangle.
The motorcycle must be positioned within the said rectangle so that the microphone used for measurement is at least 1 m from any kerb.
2.2.3.3. Miscellaneous
Readings of the measuring instrument caused by ambient noise and wind effects must be at least 10 dB(A) lower than the sound levels to be measured. A suitable windshield may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity of the microphone.
2.2.4. Method of measurement
2.2.4.1. Nature and number of measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) must be measured during the period of operation laid down in 2.2.4.3. At least three measurements must be taken at each measuring point.
2.2.4.2. Positioning of the microphone (Figure 2)
The microphone must be positioned level with the exhaust outlet or 0,2 m above the surface of the track, whichever is the highest. The microphone diaphragm must face towards the exhaust outlet at a distance of 0,5 m from it. The axis of maximum sensitivity of the microphone must be parallel to the surface of the track at an angle of 45° ± 10° to the vertical plane of the direction of the exhaust emissions.
In relation to this vertical plane, the microphone must be located on the side which gives the maximum possible distance between the microphone and the outline of the motorcycle (handlebars excluded). If the exhaust system has more than one outlet at centres less than 0,3 m apart, the microphone must be faced towards the outlet which is nearest the motorcycle (handlebars excluded) or towards the outlet which is highest above the surface of the track. If the centres of the outlets are more than 0,3 m apart, separate measurements must be taken for each of them, the highest figure recorded being taken as the test value.
2.2.4.3. Operating conditions
The engine speed must be held steady at one of the following values:
- >NUM>S >DEN>2 if S is more than 5 000 rpm,
- >NUM>3S >DEN>4, if S is not more than 5 000 rpm.
where S is the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A.
When a constant engine speed is reached, the throttle must be returned swiftly to the idle position. The sound level must be measured during an operating cycle consisting of a brief period of constant engine speed and throughout the deceleration period, the maximum sound-level meter reading being taken as the test value.
2.2.5. Results (test report)
2.2.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B must indicate all relevant data and particularly those used in measuring the noise of the stationary motorcycle.
2.2.5.2. Values, rounded off to the nearest decibel, must be read off the measuring instrument.
If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up.
Only those measurements which vary by no more than 2 dB(A) in three consecutive tests will be used.
2.2.5.3. The highest of the three measurements will constitute the test result.

Figure 1 Test for vehicle in motion
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

Figure 2 Test for stationary vehicle
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.3. Original exhaust system (silencer)
2.3.1. Requirements for silencers containing absorbent fibrous materials
2.3.1.1. Absorbent fibrous material must be asbestos-free and may be used in the construction of silencers only if it is securely held in place throughout the service life of the silencer and it meets the requirements of any one of 2.3.1.2, 2.3.1.3 or 2.3.1.4.
2.3.1.2. After removal of the fibrous material, the sound level must comply with the requirements of 2.1.1.
2.3.1.3. The absorbent fibrous material may not be placed in those parts of the silencer through which the exhaust gases pass and must comply with the following requirements:
2.3.1.3.1. the material must be heated at a temperature of 650° ± 5 °C for four hours in a furnace without reduction in average length, diameter or bulk density of the fibre;
2.3.1.3.2. after heating at 650 °C ± 5 °C for one hour in a furnace, at least 98 % of the material must be retained in a sieve of nominal mesh size 250 ìm complying with ISO standard 3310/1 when tested in accordance with ISO standard 2599;
2.3.1.3.3. the loss in weight of the material must not exceed 10.5 % after soaking for 24 hours at 90 °C ± 5 °C in a synthetic condensate of the following composition:
- 1 N hydrobromic acid (HBr): 10 ml
- 1 N sulphuric acid (H2SO4): 10 ml
- Distilled water to make up to 1 000 ml.
Note: The material must be washed in distilled water and dried for one hour at 105 °C before weighing.
2.3.1.4. Before the system is tested in accordance with 2.1, it must be put into normal working order by one of the following methods:
2.3.1.4.1. Conditioning by continuous road operation
2.3.1.4.1.1. The table shows the minimum distance to be travelled for each category of motorcycle during conditioning:
>TABLE POSITION>
2.3.1.4.1.2. 50 % ± 10 % of this conditioning cycle must consist of town driving and the reminder of long-distance runs at high speed; the continuous road cycle may be replaced by a corresponding test-track programme.
2.3.1.4.1.3. The two speed regimes must be alternated at least six times.
2.3.1.4.1.4. The complete test programme must include at least 10 breaks lasting at least three hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.
2.3.1.4.2. Conditioning by pulsation
2.3.1.4.2.1. The exhaust system or components thereof must be fitted to the motorcycle or to the engine.
In the former case, the motorcycle must be mounted on a roller dynamometer. In the second case, the engine must be mounted on a test bench.
The test apparatus, as shown in detail in Figure 3, is fitted at the outlet of the exhaust system. Any other apparatus giving equivalent results is acceptable.
2.3.1.4.2.2. The test equipment must be adjusted so that the flow of exhaust gases is alternately interrupted and restored 2 500 times by a rapid-action valve.
2.3.1.4.2.3. The valve must open when the exhaust gas back-pressure, measured at least 100 mm downstream of the intake flange, reaches a value of between 0,35 and 0,40 bar. Should such a figure be unattainable because of the engine characteristics, the valve must open when the gas back-pressure reaches a level equivalent to 90 % of the maximum that can be measured before the engine stops. It must close when this pressure differs by no more than 10 % from its stabilized value with the valve open.
2.3.1.4.2.4. The time-lapse relay must be set for the duration of exhaust gases calculated on the basis of the requirements of 2.3.1.4.2.3.
2.3.1.4.2.5. Engine speed must be 75 % of the speed (S) at which the engine develops maximum power.
2.3.1.4.2.6. The power indicated by the dynamometer must be 50 % of the full-throttle power measured at 75 % of engine speed (S).
2.3.1.4.2.7. Any drainage holes must be closed off during the test.
2.3.1.4.2.8. The entire test must be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, a cooling period must be allowed after each hour.
2.3.1.4.3. Conditioning on a test bench
2.3.1.4.3.1. The exhaust system must be fitted to an engine, representative of the type fitted to the motorcycle for which the system is designed, and mounted on a test bench.
2.3.1.4.3.2. Conditioning consists of the specified number of test bench cycles for the category of motorcycle for which the exhaust system was designed. The table shows the number of cycles for each category of motorcycle.
>TABLE POSITION>
2.3.1.4.3.3. Each test bench cycle must be followed by a break of at least 6 hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.
2.3.1.4.3.4. Each test-bench cycle consists of six phases. The engine conditions and duration are as follows for each phase:
>TABLE POSITION>
2.3.1.4.3.5. During this conditioning procedure, at the request of the manufacturer, the engine and the silencer may be cooled in order that the temperature recorded at a point not more than 100 mm from the exhaust gas outlet does not exceed that measured when the motorcycle is running at 110 km/h or 75 % S in top gear. The engine and/or motorcycle speeds must be determined with an accuracy of ± 3 %.

Figure 3 Test apparatus for conditioning by pulsation
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
>TABLE POSITION>
2.3.2. Diagram and markings
2.3.2.1. A diagram and a cross-sectional drawing indicating the dimensions of the exhaust system must be annexed to the document referred to in Appendix 1A.
2.3.2.2. All original silencers must bear the 'e` mark followed by the identification of the country which granted the component type-approval. This reference must be legible and indelible and also visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.
2.3.2.3. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems must be marked legibly with the words 'original part` and the make and type references integrated together with the 'e` mark and also the reference of the country of origin.
2.3.3. Intake silencer
If the engine intake has to be fitted with an air filter and/or intake silencer in order to comply with the permissible sound level, the filter and/or silencer must be regarded as part of the silencer and the requirements of 2.3 also apply to them.

3. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL OF A NON-ORIGINAL EXHAUST SYSTEM OR COMPONENTS THEREOF, AS TECHNICAL UNITS, FOR MOTORCYCLES
This section applies to the component type-approval, as technical units of exhaust systems or components thereof intended to be fitted to one or more particular types of motorcycle as non-original replacement parts.
3.1. Definition
3.1.1. 'Non-original replacement exhaust system or components thereof` means any exhaust system component as defined in 1.2 intended to be fitted to a motorcycle to replace that of the type fitted to the motorcycle when the document provided for in Appendix 1B was issued.
3.2. Application for component type-approval
3.2.1. Applications for component type-approval for replacement exhaust systems or components thereof as separate technical units must be submitted by the manufacturer of the system or by his authorized representative.
3.2.2. For each type of replacement exhaust system or components thereof for which approval is requested, the component type-approval application must be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate, and by the following particulars:
3.2.2.1. - description, in respect of the characteristics referred to in section 1.1 of this Annex, of the type(s) of motorcycle for which the system(s) or component(s) is/are intended;
- the numbers and/or symbols specific to the type of engine and motorcycle must be given;
.3.2.2.2. - description of the replacement exhaust system stating the relative position of each of its components, together with the fitting instructions;
3.2.2.3. - drawings of each component to facilitate location and identification, and statement of materials used. These drawings must also indicate the intended location of the mandatory component type-approval number.
3.2.3. The applicant must submit, at the request of the technical authority:
3.2.3.1. - two samples of the system for which component type-approval is requested;
3.2.3.2. - an exhaust system conforming to that originally fitted to the motorcycle when the document provided for in Appendix 1B was issued;
3.2.3.3. - a motorcycle representative of the type to which the replacement exhaust system is to be fitted, supplied in such a condition that, when fitted with a silencer of the same type as was originally fitted, it meets the requirements of either of the following two sections:
3.2.3.3.1. If the motorcycle referred to in 3.2.3.3 is of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this chapter:
- during the test in motion, it does not exceed by more than 1 dB(A) the limit value laid down in 2.1.1;
- during the stationary test, it does not exceed by more than 3 dB(A) the value recorded when the motorcycle was granted type-approval and indicated on the manufacturer's data plate.
3.2.3.3.2. If the motorcycle referred to in 3.2.3.3 is not of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Regulation, it does not exceed by more than 1 dB(A) the limit value applicable to that type of motorcycle when it was first put into service;
3.2.3.4. - a separate engine identical to that fitted to the motorcycle referred to above, where the competent authorities deem necessary.
3.3. Markings and inscriptions
3.3.1. Non-original exhaust systems or components thereof must be marked in accordance with the requirements of Annex VI.
3.4. Component type-approval
3.4.1. Upon completion of the tests laid down in this Chapter, the competent authority will issue a certificate corresponding to the model shown in Appendix 2B. The component type-approval number must be preceded by a rectangle surrounding the letter 'e` followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which issued or refused the component type-approval. The exhaust system which is granted component type-approval is deemed to conform to the provisions of Chapter 1.
3.5. Specifications
3.5.1. General specifications The design, construction and mounting of the silencer must be such that:
3.5.1.1. - the motorcycle complies with the requirements of the Chapter under normal conditions of use, and in particular regardless of any vibrations to which it may be subjected;
3.5.1.2. - it displays reasonable resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed, with due regard to the normal conditions of use of the motorcycle;
3.5.1.3. - the ground clearance available under the silencer originally fitted, and the angle at which the motorcycle can lean over, are not reduced;
3.5.1.4. - the surface does not reach unduly high temperatures;
3.5.1.5. - its outline has no projections or sharp edges;
3.5.1.6. - shock absorbers and suspension have adequate clearance;
3.5.1.7. - adequate safety clearance is provided for pipes;
3.5.1.8. - It is impact-resistant in a way that is compatible with clearly-defined maintenance and installation requirements.
3.5.2. Specifications for sound levels
3.5.2.1. The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust systems or components thereof must be tested using the methods described in 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 and 2.1.5.
With a replacement exhaust system or component thereof fitted to the motorcycle referred to in 3.2.3.3, the sound-level values obtained must meet the following conditions:
3.5.2.1.1. They must not exceed the values measured, in accordance with 3.2.3.3, using the same motorcycle fitted with the original equipment silencer both during the test in motion and during the stationary test.
3.5.3. Testing of motorcycle performance
3.5.3.1. The replacement silencer must be such as to ensure that the motorcycle's performance is comparable to that achieved with the original silencer or component thereof.
3.5.3.2. The replacement silencer must be compared with an originally-fitted silencer, also in new condition, fitted in turn to the motorcycle referred to in 3.2.3.3.
3.5.3.3. This test is carried out by measuring the engine power curve. The net maximum power and the top speed measured with the replacement silencer must not deviate from the net maximum power and top speed measured under the same conditions with the original equipment silencer by more than ± 5 %.
3.5.4. Additional provisions relating to silencers as separate technical units containing fibrous material. Fibrous material may not be used in the construction of such silencers unless the requirements set out in 2.3.1 are met.


Appendix 1A

Information document in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of motorcycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
(To be attached to the component type-approval application where this is submitted separately from the vehicle type-approval application)
Order No (assigned by application): ..........
The application for component type-approval in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of motorcycle must include the details listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992, Part A, sections:
0.1,
0.2,
0.5,
0.6,
2.1,
3,
3.0,
3.1,
3.1.1,
3.2.1.7,
3.2.8.3.3,
3.2.8.3.3.1,
3.2.8.3.3.2,
3.2.9,
3.2.9.1,
4,
4.1,
4.2,
4.3,
4.4,
4.4.1,
4.4.2,
4.5,
4.6, 5.2.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 1B

Component type-approval certificate in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system(s) of a type of motorcycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Name of administration
Report No: ..........
by technical service: ..........
Date: ..........
Component type-approval No: ..........
No of extension: ..........
1. Trade name or mark of vehicle: ..........
2. Type of vehicle: ..........
3. Variant(s) (if any): ..........
4. Version(s) (if any): ..........
5. Name and adress of manufacturer: ....................
6. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
7. Original exhaust system type(s): ..........
8. Intake system type(s) (where essential to observe sound level limit): ..........
9. Noise level of the vehicle when stationary: . . . dB(A) at: . . . rpm.
10. Date vehicle submitted for testing: ..........
11. Component type-approval granted/refused (¹).
12. Place: ..........
13. Date: ..........
14. Signature: ..........
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 2A

Information document of a non-original exhaust system or component(s) thereof, as separate technical unit(s), for a type of motorcycle
>START OF GRAPHIC> Order No (assigned by applicant): ..........
The application for component type-approval in respect of a non-original exhaust system for motorcycles must include the following details:
1. Make: ..........
2. Type: ..........
3. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
5. Component list of the technical unit (attach drawings): ..........
6. Make(s) and type(s) of motorcycles for which the silencer is designed (¹): ..........
7. Any restrictions on use and fitting instructions: ....................
In addition, the application must include the details listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992, Part A, sections:
0.1,
0.2,
0.5,
0.6,
2.1,
3,
3.0,
3.1,
3.1.1,
3.2.1.7,
4,
4.1,
4.2,
4.3,
4.4,
4.4.1,
4.4.2,
4.5,
4.6,
5.2.
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 2B

Component type-approval certificate in respect of a non-original exhaust system for a type of motorcycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Name of administration
Report No: ..........
by technical service: ..........
Date: ..........
Component type-approval No: ..........
No of extension: ..........
1. Make of exhaust: ..........
2. Type of exhaust: ..........
3. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
5. Make(s) and type(s) and any variant(s) or version(s) of the vehicle(s) for which the exhaust system is designed: ..........
6. Date system submitted for testing: ..........
7. Component type-approval granted/refused (¹).
8. Place: ..........
9. Date: ..........
10. Signature: .......... (
¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>


ANNEX IV

REQUIREMENTS FOR THREE-WHEEL MOPEDS AND TRICYCLES

1. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Chapter:
1.1. 'type of three-wheel moped or tricycle as regards its sound level and exhaust system` means three-wheel mopeds and tricycles which do not differ in such essential respects as the following:
1.1.1. bodywork shape or materials (in particular the engine compartment and its soundproofing);
1.1.2. vehicle length and width;
1.1.3. type of engine (spark ignition or compression ignition, two- or four-stroke, reciprocating piston or rotary piston, number and capacity of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection systems, arrangement of valves, net maximum power and corresponding speed);
The cubic capacity of rotary-piston engines is deemed to be double the swept volume;
1.1.4. transmission system, in particular the number and ratios of the gears;
1.1.5. number, type and arrangement of exhaust systems.
1.2. 'exhaust system` or 'silencer` means a complete set of components necessary to limit the noise caused by the engine and exhaust of a three-wheel moped or tricycle.
1.2.1. 'original exhaust system or silencer` means a system of the type fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be the one first fitted or a replacement.
1.2.2. 'non-original exhaust system or silencer` means a system of a type other than that fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be used only as a replacement exhaust system or silencer.
1.3. 'exhaust systems of differing types` means systems which are fundamentally different in one of the following ways:
1.3.1. systems comprising components bearing different factory or trade marks;
1.3.2. systems comprising any component made of materials of different characteristics or comprising components which are of a different shape or size;
1.3.3. systems in which the operating principles of at least one component are different;
1.3.4. systems comprising components in different combinations.
1.4. 'component of an exhaust system` means one of the individual components which together form the exhaust system (such as exhaust pipework, the silencer proper) and the intake system (air filter) if any. If the engine has to be equipped with an intake system (air filter and/or intake noise absorber) in order to comply with maximum permissible sound levels, the filter and/or the absorber must be treated as a component having the same importance as the exhaust system.

2. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL IN RESPECT OF THE SOUND LEVEL AND ORIGINAL EXHAUST SYSTEM, AS A SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT, OF A TYPE OF THREE-WHEEL MOPED OR TRICYCLE
2.1. Noise of the three-wheel moped or tricycle (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle during component type-approval).
2.1.1. The vehicle, its engine and its exhaust system must be designed, constructed and assembled so that the vehicle complies with the requirements of this chapter under normal conditions of use, regardless of any vibrations to which they may be subjected.
2.1.2. The exhaust system must be designed, constructed and mounted to resist the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed.
2.2. Specifications for sound levels
2.2.1. Limits: see Annex I.
2.2.2. Measuring instruments
2.2.2.1. The apparatus used for measuring the sound level must be a precision sound-level meter of the type described in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) publication No 179 'Precision sound-level meters`, second edition. Measurements must be carried out using the 'fast` response of the sound-level meter and the 'A` weighting also described in that publication.
At the beginning and end of each series of measurements the sound-level meter must be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using an appropriate sound source (e.g. a pistonphone).
2.2.2.2. Speed measurements
Engine speed and vehicle speed on the test track must be determined to within ± 3 %.
2.2.3. Conditions of measurement
2.2.3.1. Condition of the vehicle
During the measurements, the vehicle must be in the running order (including coolant, oils, fuel, tools, spare wheel and rider). Before the measurements are made the vehicle must be brought to the normal operating temperature.
2.2.3.1.1. The measurements must be made with the vehicles unladen and without trailer or semitrailer.
2.2.3.2. Test site
The test site must consist of a central acceleration section surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The acceleration section must be flat; its surface must be dry and such that surface noise remains low. On the test site the variations in the free sound field between the sound source at the centre of the acceleration section and the micropohone must not exceed ± 1 dB. This condition will be deemed to be met if there are no large objects which reflect sound, such as fences, rocks, bridges or buildings, within 50 m of the centre of the acceleration section. The road surface covering of the test track must conform to the requirements of Annex VII.
The microphone must not be obstructed in any way which could affect the sound field, and no person may stand between the microphone and the sound source. The observer carrying out the measurements must so position himself as not to affect the readings of the measuring instrument.
2.2.3.3. Miscellaneous
Measurements must not be made in poor atmospheric conditions. It must be ensured that the results are not affected by gusts of wind. For measurements, the A-weighted sound level of sound sources other than those of the vehicle to be tested and of wind effects must be at least 10 dB(A) below the sound level produced by the vehicle. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity and directional characteristics of the microphone.
If the difference between the ambient noise and the measured noise is between 10 and 16 dB(A), in order to calculate the test results the appropriate correction must be subtracted from the readings on the sound-level meter, as in the following graph:
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.2.4. Method of measurement
2.2.4.1. Nature and number of measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) must be measured as the vehicle travels between lines AA' and BB' (figure 1). The measurement will be invalid if an abnormal discrepancy between the peak value and the general sound level is recorded.
At least two measurements must be taken on each side of the vehicle.
2.2.4.2. Positioning of the microphone
The microphone must be located 7,5 m ± 0,2 m from the reference line CC' (Figure 1) of the track and 1,2 m ± 0,1 m above ground level.
2.2.4.3. Conditions of operation
The vehicle must approach line AA' at an initial steady speed as specified in 2.2.4.4. When the front of the vehicle reaches line AA' the throttle must be fully opened as quickly as practically possible and kept in that position until the rear of the vehicle reaches line BB'; the throttle must then be returned as quickly as possible to the idle position.
For all measurements the vehicle must be ridden in a straight line over the acceleration section keeping the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle as close as possible to line CC'.
2.2.4.3.1. In the case of articulated vehicles consisting of two inseparable components and regarded as constituting one single vehicle, the semitrailer must not be taken into account with regard to crossing line BB'.
2.2.4.4. Determining the steady speed to be adopted
2.2.4.4.1. Vehicle without gearbox
The vehicle must approach line AA' at a steady speed corresponding either to a speed of rotation of the engine equal to three-quarters of that at which the engine develops its maximum power or to three-quarters of the maximum speed of rotation of the engine permitted by the governor, or of 50 km/h, whichever is the slowest. 2.2.4.4.2. Vehicle with manual gearbox If the vehicle is fitted with a gearbox with two, three or four ratios, second gear must be used. If the gearbox has more than four ratios, third gear must be used. If the engine then reaches a speed of rotation beyond its maximum power rating, instead of second or third gear the next higher gear to allow line BB' on the test track to be reached without exceeding this rating must be engaged. Overdrive must not be selected. If the vehicle has a dual-ratio final drive, the ratio selected must be that corresponding to the highest speed of the vehicle. The vehicle must approach line AA' at a steady speed corresponding either to three-quarters of the engine rotation speed at which the engine develops its maximum power or to three-quarters of the maximum engine rotation speed permitted by the governor, or at 50 km/h, whichever is slower.
2.2.4.4.3. Vehicle with automatic gearbox
The vehicle must approach in line AA' at a steady speed of 50 km/h or three-quarters of its maximum speed, whichever is the slowest. Where several forward drive positions are available, that producing the highest average acceleration of the vehicle between lines AA' and BB' must be selected. The selector position that is used only for braking, manoeuvring or similar slow movements must not be used.
2.2.5. Results (test report)
2.2.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B must indicate any circumstances and influences affecting the results of the measurements.
2.2.5.2. The values taken must be rounded off to the nearest decibel. If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up. Only those measurements whose variation in two consecutive tests on the same side of the vehicle is less than or equal to 2 dB(A) may be used for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B.
2.2.5.3. To take account of inaccuracies in the measurements, the result of each measurement must be arrived at by deducting 1 dB(A) from the value obtained in accordance with 2.2.5.2.
2.2.5.4. If the average of the four results of the measurements does not exceed the maximum permissible level for the category to which the vehicle being tested belongs, the limit laid down in 2.2.1 will be deemed as being complied with. This average value will constitute the result of the test.
2.3. Measurement of the noise of the stationary vehicle (for testing the vehicle in use)
2.3.1. Sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle. In order to facilitate subsequent noise tests on vehicles in use, the sound-pressure level must also be measured in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust-system outlet (silencer) in accordance with the following requirements, the result of the measurement being entered in the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B.
2.3.2. Measuring instruments
A precision sound-level meter conforming in accuracy to 2.2.2.1 must be used.
2.3.3. Conditions of measurement
2.3.3.1. Condition of the vehicle
Before the measurements are made the vehicle engine must be brought to the normal operating temperature. If the vehicle is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system must not be interfered with during the sound measurements.
During the measurements the gearbox must be in neutral gear. If it is impossible to disconnect the transmission, the driving wheel of the moped must be allowed to rotate freely, for example by placing the vehicle on its centre stand or on rollers.
2.3.3.2. Test site (see Figure 2)
Any area in which there are no significant acoustic disturbances may be used as a test site. Flat surfaces which are covered with concrete, asphalt or some other hard material and are highly reflective are suitable; surfaces consisting of earth which has been tamped down must not be used. The test site must be in the form of a rectangle whose sides are at least 3 m from the outer edge of the vehicle (handlebars excluded). There must be no significant obstacles, e.g. no persons other than the rider and the observer may stand within this rectangle.
The vehicle must be positioned within the said rectangle so that the microphone used for measurement is at least 1 m from any kerb.
2.3.3.3. Miscellaneous
Readings of the measuring instrument caused by ambient noise and wind effects must be at least 10 dB(A) lower than the sound levels to be measured. A suitable windshield may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity of the microphone.
2.3.4. Method of measurement
2.3.4.1. Nature and number of measurements
The maximum sound level expressed in 1-weighted decibels (dB(A)) must be measured during the period of operation laid down in 2.2.4.3. At least three measurements must be taken at each measurement point.
2.3.4.2. Positioning of the microphone (Figure 2)
The microphone must be positioned level with the exhaust outlet or 0,2 m above the surface of the track, whichever is the highest. The microphone diaphragm must face towards the exhaust outlet at a distance of 0,5 m from it. The axis of maximum sensitivity of the microphone must be parallel to the surface of the track at an angle of 45° ± 10° to the vertical plane of the direction of the exhaust emissions.
In relation to this vertical plane, the microphone must be located on the side which gives the maximum possible distance between the microphone and the outline of the vehicle (handlebars excluded). If the exhaust system has more than one outlet at centres less than 0,3 m apart, the microphone must be faced towards the outlet which is nearest the vehicle (handlebars excluded) or towards the outlet which is highest above the surface of the track. If the centres of the outlets are more than 0,3 m apart, separate measurements must be taken for each of them, the highest figure recorded being taken as the test value.
2.3.4.3. Operating conditions
The engine speed must be held steady at one of the following values:
- >NUM>S >DEN>2 if S is more than 5 000 rpm,
- >NUM>3S >DEN>4 if S is not more than 5 000 rpm,
where S is the speed referred to in section 3.2.1.7 of Appendix 1A. When a constant engine speed is reached, the throttle must be returned swiftly to the idle position. The sound level must be measured during an operating cycle consisting of a brief period of constant engine speed and throughout the deceleration period, the maximum sound-level meter reading being taken as the test value.
2.3.5. Results (test report)
2.3.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document referred to in Appendix 1B must indicate all relevant data and particularly those used in measuring the noise of the stationary vehicle.
2.3.5.2. Values, rounded off to the nearest decibel, must be read off the measuring instrument. If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up. Only those measurements which vary by no more than 2 dB(A) in three consecutive tests will be used.
2.3.5.3. The highest of the three measurement will constitute the test result.

Figure 1 Positions for testing the vehicle in motion
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>

Figure 2 Positions for testing the stationary vehicle
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.4. Original exhaust system (silencer)
2.4.1. Requirements for silencers containing absorbent fibrous materials
2.4.1.1. Absorbent fibrous material must be asbestos-free and may be used in the construction of silencers only if it is securely held in place throughout the service life of the silencer and it meets the requirements of any one of 2.4.1.2, 2.4.1.3 or 2.4.1.4.
2.4.1.2. After removal of the fibrous material, the sound level must comply with the requirements of 2.2.1.
2.4.1.3. The absorbent fibrous material may not be placed in those parts of the silencer through which the exhaust gases pass and must comply with the following requirements.
2.4.1.3.1. The material must be heated at a temperature of 650 °C ± 5 °C for four hours in a furnace without reduction in average length, diameter or bulk density of the fibre.
2.4.1.3.2. After heating at 650 °C ± 5 °C for one hour in a furnace, at least 98 % of the material must be retained in a sieve of nominal mesh size 250 ìm complying with ISO standard 3310/1 when tested in accordance with ISO standard 2599.
2.4.1.3.3. The loss in weight of the material must not exceed 10,5 % after soaking for 24 hours at 90 °C ± 5 °C in a synthetic condensate of the following composition:
- 1 N hydrobromic acid (HBr): 10 ml
- 1 N sulphuric acid (H2SO4): 10 ml
- Distilled water to make up to 1 000 ml.
Note: The material must be washed in distilled water and dried for one hour at 105 °C before weighing.
2.4.1.4. Before the system is tested in accordance with section 2, it must be put into normal working order by one of the following methods:
2.4.1.4.1. Conditioning by continuous road operation
2.4.1.4.1.1. The table shows the minimum distance to be travelled for each category of vehicle during conditioning:
>TABLE POSITION>
2.4.1.4.1.2. 50 % ± 10 % of this conditioning cycle must consist of town driving and the remainder of long-distance runs at high speed; the continuous road cycle may be replaced by a corresponding test-track programme.
2.4.1.4.1.3. The two speed regimes must be alternated at least six times.
2.4.1.4.1.4. The complete test programme must include at least 10 breaks lasting at least three hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.
2.4.1.4.2. Conditioning by pulsation
2.4.1.4.2.1. The exhaust system or components thereof must be fitted to the vehicle or to the engine.
In the former case, the vehicle must be mounted on a roller dynamometer. In the second case, the engine must be mounted on a test bench.
The test apparatus, as shown in detail in Figure 3, is fitted at the outlet of the exhaust system. Any other apparatus giving equivalent results is acceptable.
2.4.1.4.2.2. The test equipment must be adjusted so that the flow of exhaust gases is alternately interrupted and restored 2 500 times by a rapid-action valve.
2.4.1.4.2.3. The valve must open when the exhaust gas back-pressure, measured at least 100 mm downstream of the intake flange, reaches a value of between 0,35 and 0,40 bar. Should such a figure be unattainable because of the engine characteristics, the valve must open when the gas back-pressure reaches a level equivalent to 90 % of the maximum that can be measured before the engine stops. It must close when this pressure differs by no more than 10 % from its stabilized value with the valve open.
2.4.1.4.2.4. The time-lapse relay must be set for the duration of exhaust gases calculated on the basis of the requirements of 2.4.1.4.2.3.
2.4.1.4.2.5. Engine speed must be 75 % of the speed (S) at which the engine develops maximum power.
2.4.1.4.2.6. The power indicated by the dynamometer must be 50 % of the full-throttle power measured at 75 % of engine speed (S).
2.4.1.4.2.7. Any drainage holes must be closed off during the test.
2.4.1.4.2.8. The entire test must be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, a cooling period must be allowed after each hour.
2.4.1.4.3. Conditioning on a test bench
2.4.1.4.3.1. The exhaust system must be fitted to an engine representative of the type fitted to the vehicle for which the system is designed, and mounted on a test bench.
2.4.1.4.3.2. Conditioning consists of the specified number of test bench cycles for the category of vehicle for which the exhaust system was designed. The table shows the number of cycles for each category of vehicle.
>TABLE POSITION>
2.4.1.4.3.3. Each test-bench cycle must be followed by a break of at least 6 hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.
2.4.1.4.3.4. Each test-bench cycle consists of six phases. The engine conditions and duration are as follows for each phase:
>TABLE POSITION>
2.4.1.4.3.5. During this conditioning procedure, at the request of the manufacturer, the engine and the silencer may be cooled in order that the temperature recorded at a point not more than 100 mm from the exhaust gas outlet does not exceed that measured when the vehicle is running at 110 km/h or 75 % S in top gear. The engine and/or vehicle speeds must be determined with an accuracy of ± 3 %.

Figure 3 Test apparatus for conditioning by pulsation
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
>TABLE POSITION>
.2.4.2. Diagram and markings
2.4.2.1. A diagram and a cross-sectional drawing indicating the dimensions of the exhaust system must be annexed to the document referred to in Appendix 1A.
2.4.2.2. All original silencers must bear the 'e` mark followed by the identification of the country which granted the component type-approval. This reference must be legible and indelible and also visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.
2.4.2.3. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems must be marked legibly with the words 'original part` and the make and type references integrated together with the 'e` mark and also the reference of the country of origin.
2.4.3. Intake silencer
If the engine intake has to be fitted with an air filter and/or intake silencer in order to comply with the permissible sound level, the filter and/or silencer must be regarded as part of the silencer and the requirements of 2.4 will also apply to them.

3. COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL IN RESPECT OF A NON-ORIGINAL EXHAUST SYSTEM OR COMPONENTS THEREOF, AS SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNITS, FOR THREE-WHEEL MOPEDS AND TRICYCLES
This section applies to the component type-approval, as separate technical units, of exhaust systems or components thereof intended to be fitted to one or more particular types of three-wheel mopeds and tricycles as non-original replacement parts.
3.1. Definition
3.1.1. 'Non-original replacement exhaust system or components thereof` means any exhaust system component as defined in 1.2 intended to be fitted to a three-wheel moped or tricycle to replace that of the type fitted to the three-wheel moped or tricycle when the document provided for in Appendix 1B was issued.
3.2. Application for component type-approval
3.2.1. Applications for component type-approval for replacement exhaust systems or components thereof as separate technical units must be submitted by the manufacturer of the system or by his authorized representative.
3.2.2. For each type of replacement exhaust system or components thereof for which approval is requested, the application for component type-approval must be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate, and by the following particulars:
3.2.2.1. - description, in respect of the characteristics referred to in 1.1 of this Annex, of the type(s) of vehicle for which the system(s) or component(s) is/are intended;
- the numbers and/or symbols specific to the type of engine and vehicle must be given;
3.2.2.2. - description of the replacement exhaust system stating the relative positions of each of its components, together with the fitting instructions;
3.2.2.3. - drawings of each component to facilitate location and identification, and statement of materials used. These drawings must also indicate the intended location of the mandatory component type-approval number.
3.2.3. The applicant must submit, at the request of the technical service:
3.2.3.1. - two samples of the system for which component type-approval is requested,
3.2.3.2. - an exhaust system conforming to that originally fitted to the vehicle when the document provided for in Appendix 1B was issued,
3.2.3.3. - a vehicle representative of the type to which the replacement exhaust system is to be fitted, supplied in such a condition that, when fitted with a silencer of the same type as was originally fitted, it meets the requirements of either of the following two sections:
3.2.3.3.1. if the vehicle referred to in 3.2.3.3 is of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this chapter:
- during the test in motion, it does not exceed by more than 1 dB(A) the limit value laid down in 2.2.1.3;
- during the stationary test, is does not exceed by more than 3 dB(A) the value indicated on the manufacturer's data plate;
3.2.3.3.2. if the vehicle referred to in 3.2.3.3 is not of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this chapter it does not exceed by more than 1 dB(A) the limit value applicable to that type of vehicle when it was first put into service;
3.2.3.4. - a separate engine identical to that fitted to the vehicle referred to above, where the competent authorities deem it necessary.
3.3. Markings and inscriptions
3.3.1. Non-original exhaust systems or components thereof must be marked in accordance with the requirements of Annex VI.
3.4. Component type-approval
3.4.1. Upon completion of the tests laid down in this Chapter, the competent authority will issue a certificate corresponding to the model shown in Appendix 2B. The component type-approval number must be preceded by a rectangle surrounding the letter 'e` followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which issued or refused the component type-approval.
3.5. Specifications
3.5.1. General specifications The design, construction and mounting of the silencer must be such that:
3.5.1.1. - the vehicle complies with the requirements of the chapter under normal conditions or use, and in particular regardless of any vibrations to which it may be subjected;
3.5.1.2. - it displays reasonable resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed, with due regard to the normal conditions of use of the vehicle;
3.5.1.3. - the ground clearance available under the silencer originally fitted, and the angle at which the vehicle can lean over, are not reduced;
3.5.1.4. - the surface does not reach unduly high temperatures;
3.5.1.5. - its outline has no projections or sharp edges;
3.5.1.6. - shock absorbers and suspension have adequate clearance;
3.5.1.7. - adequate safety clearance is provided for pipes;
3.5.1.8. - it is impact-resistant in a way that is compatible with clearly-defined maintenance and installation requirements.
3.5.2. Specifications for sound levels
3.5.2.1. The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust systems or components thereof must be tested using the methods described in 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6. With a replacement exhaust system or component thereof fitted to the vehicle referred to in 3.2.3.3 of this Annex, the sound-level values obtained must meet the following conditions:
3.5.2.1.1. they must not exceed the sound-level values measured, in accordance with 3.2.3.3, using the same vehicle fitted with the original equipment silencer both during the test in motion and during the stationary test.
3.5.3. Testing of vehicle performance
3.5.3.1. The replacement silencer must be such as to ensure that the vehicle's performance is comparable to that achieved with the original silencer or component thereof.
3.5.3.2. The replacement silencer must be compared with an originally-fitted silencer, also in new condition, fitted in turn to the vehicle referred to in 3.2.3.3.
3.5.3.3. This test is carried out by measuring the engine power curve. The net maximum power and the top speed measured with the replacement silencer must not deviate from the net maximum power and top speed measured under the same conditions with the original equipment silencer by more than ± 5 %.
3.5.4. Additional provisions relating to silencers as separate technical units containing fibrous material
Fibrous material may not be used in the construction of such silencers unless the requirements set out in 2.4.1 are met.

Appendix 1A

Information document in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
(To be attached to the component type-approval application where this is submitted separately from the vehicle type-approval application)
Order No (assigned by applicant): ..........
The application for component type-approval in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system of a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle must include the details listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992, part A, sections:
0.1,
0.2,
0.5,
0.6,
2.1,
3,
3.0,
3.1,
3.1.1,
3.2.1.7,
3.2.8.3.3,
3.2.8.3.3.1,
3.2.8.3.3.2,
3.2.9,
3.2.9.1,
4,
4.1,
4.2,
4.3,
4.4,
4.4.1,
4.4.2,
4.5,
4.6,
5.2.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 1B

Certificate of component type-approval in respect of the permissible sound level and original exhaust system(s) of a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Name of administration
Report No: ..........
by technical service: ..........
Date: ..........
Component type-approval No: ..........
No of extension: ..........
1. Trade name or mark of vehicle: ..........
2. Type of vehicle: ..........
3. Variant(s) (if any): ..........
4. Version(s) (if any): ..........
5. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
6. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
7. Original exhaust system type(s): ..........
8. Intake system type(s) (where essential to observe sound level limit): ..........
9. Noise level of the vehicle when stationary: . . . dB(A) at: . . . rpm.
10. Date vehicle submitted for testing ..........
11. Component type-approval granted/refused (¹).
12. Place: ..........
13. Date: ..........
14. Signature: .......... (¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 2A

Information document in respect of a non-original exhaust or component(s) thereof, as separate technical unit(s), for a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Order No (assigned by applicant): ..........
The application for component type-approval in respect of a non-original exhaust system for three-wheel mopeds or tricycles must include the following details:
1. Make: ..........
2. Type: ..........
3. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
5. Component list of the separate technical unit (attach drawings): ..........
6. Make(s) and type(s) of vehicle(s) for which the silencer is designed (¹): ..........
7. Any restrictions on use and fitting instructions: ....................
In addition, the application must include the details listed in Annex II to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992, part A, sections:
0.1,
0.2,
0.5,
0.6,
2.1,
3,
3.0,
3.1,
3.1.1,
3.2.1.7,
4,
4.1,
4.2,
4.3,
4.4,
4.4.1,
4.4.2,
4.5,
4.6,
5.2.
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>

Appendix 2B

Component type-approval certificate in respect of a non-original exhaust system for a type of three-wheel moped or tricycle
>START OF GRAPHIC>
Name of administration
Report No: ..........
by technical service: ..........
Date: ..........
Component type-approval No: ..........
No of extension: ..........
1. Make of exhaust: ..........
2. Type of exhaust: ..........
3. Name and address of manufacturer: ....................
4. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer's authorized representative: ....................
5. Make(s) and type(s) and any variant(s) or version(s) of the vehicle(s) for which the exhaust system is designed: ..........
6. Date system submitted for testing: ..........
7. Component type-approval granted/refused (¹).
8. Place: ..........
9. Date: ..........
10. Signature: ..........
(¹) Delete as appropriate.>END OF GRAPHIC>


ANNEX V

PRODUCTION CONFORMITY REQUIREMENTS

1. VEHICLE CONFORMITY
Any vehicle manufactured must conform to a type of vehicle approved pursuant to this Chapter, be equipped with the silencer with which it was type-approved and satisfy the requirements of section 2 of the Annex relating to the type of vehicle concerned.
In order to test conformity as required above, a sample vehicle will be taken from the production line of the type approved pursuant to this Chapter. Production will be regarded as conforming to the provisions of this Chapter if the sound level measured using the method described in section 2.1 of each Annex does not exceed by more than 3 dB(A) the value measured at the time of type-approval, nor by more than 1 dB(A) the limits laid down in this Chapter.

2. CONFORMITY OF A NON-ORIGINAL REPLACEMENT EXHAUST SYSTEM
Any exhaust system manufactured must conform to a type approved pursuant to this Chapter and satisfy the requirements of section 3 of the Annex relating to the type of vehicle for which it is intended. In order to test conformity as required above, a sample exhaust will be taken from the production line of the type approved pursuant to this Chapter.
Production will be regarded as conforming to the provisions of this Chapter if the requirements of sections 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 of each Annex are satisfied and if the sound level measured using the method described in section 2.1 of each Annex does not exceed by more than 3 dB(A) the value measured at the time of type-approval, nor by more than 1 dB(A) the limits laid down in this chapter.


ANNEX VI

MARKING REQUIREMENTS
1. Non-original exhaust system or components thereof, but not the mounting parts and pipes, must bear:
1.1. the trade name or mark of the manufacturer of the exhaust system and its components,
1.2. the brand name given by the manufacturer,
1.3. the component type-approval mark composed and affixed in accordance with the requirements of Annex V to Directive 92/61/EEC. The dimensions of 'a` must be ≥ 3 mm.
2. The marks referred to in 1.1 and 1.3 and the name referred to in 1.2 must be indelible and clearly legible even when the exhaust system is fitted to the vehicle.
3. A component may bear several type-approval numbers if it has been type-approved as a component of several replacement exhaust systems.
4. The replacement exhaust system must be supplied with packaging or labelling bearing the following:
4.1. - the trade name or mark of the manufacturer of the replacement silencer and its components,
4.2. - the address of the manufacturer or of the manufacturer's authorized representative,
4.3. - a list of the motorcycle models to which the replacement silencer is intended to be fitted.
5. The manufacturer must supply the following:
5.1. - instructions describing in detail the correct methods of fitting to the motorcycle,
5.2. - instructions on how the silencer should be maintained,
5.3. - a list of component parts with the corresponding part numbers, excluding mounting parts.


ANNEX VII

TEST TRACK SPECIFICATIONS
This Annex lays down specifications relating to the physical characteristics of the paving and the layout of the test track paving.

1. REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE
A surface is considered to conform to this Directive provided that the texture and voids content or sound absorption coefficient have been measured and found to fulfil all the requirements given in 1.1 to 1.4 and provided that the design requirements (section 2.2) have been met.
1.1. Residual voids content
The residual voids content, Vc, of the test track paving mixture must not exceed 8 %. See section 3.1 for measurement procedure.
1.2. Sound absorption coefficient
If the surface fails to comply with the residual voids content requirement, the surface is acceptable only if its sound absorption coefficient, á, is ≤ 0,10. See section 3.2 or measurement procedure.
The requirement of section 1.1 and 1.2 is met also if only sound absorption has been measured and found to be: á ≤ 0,10.
1.3. Texture depth
The texture depth (TD) measured according to the volumetric method (see section 3.3) shall be:
TD ≥ 0,4 mm.
1.4. Homogeneity of the surface
Every practical effort must be taken to ensure that the surface is made to be as homogeneous as possible within the test area. This includes the texture and voids content, but it should also be observed that if the rolling process results in more effective rolling at some places than at others, the texture may be different and unevenness causing bumps may also occur.
1.5. Period of testing
In order to check whether the surface continues to conform to the texture and voids content or sound absorption requirements stipulated in this standard, periodic testing of the surface must be performed at the following intervals: (
a) for residual voids content or sound absorption:
- when the surface is new.
- if the surface meets the requirements when new, no further periodical testing is required.
If it does not meet the requirement when it is new, it may do so later because surfaces tend to become clogged and compacted with time;
(b) for texture depth (TD):
- when the surface is new,
- when the noise testing starts (NB: not before four weeks after laying).
- then every twelve months

2. TEST SURFACE DESIGN
2.1. Area
When designing the test track layout it is important to ensure that, as a minimum requirement, the area traversed by the vehicles running through the test strip is covered with the specified test material with suitable margins for safe and practical driving. This will require that the width of the track is at least 3 m and the length of the track extends beyond lines AA and BB by at least 10 m at either end. Figure 1 shows a plan of a suitable test site and indicates the minimum area which, must be machine laid and machine compacted with the specified test surface material.

Figure 1 Minimum requirements for test surface area
>REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
2.2. Design requirements for the surface
The test surface must meet four design requirements:
1. it must be a dense asphaltic concrete;
2. the maximum chipping size must be 8 mm (tolerances allow from 6,3 to 10 mm);
3. the thickness of the wearing course must be ≥ 30 mm;
4. the binder must be a straight penetration grade bitumen without modification.
As a guide to the test surface constructor, an aggregate grading curve which will give desired characteristics is shown in figure 2. In addition, table 3 gives some guidelines in order to obtain the desired texture and durability. The grading curve fits the following formula:
P (% passing) = 100 (d/dmax) ½
where
d = square mesh sieve size, in mm
dmax = 8 mm for the mean curve
dmax = 10 mm for the lower tolerance curve
dmax = 6,3 mm for the upper tolerance curve
In addition to the above, the following recommendations are given:
- the sand fraction (0,063 mm REFERENCE TO A GRAPHIC>
>TABLE POSITION>

3. TEST METHODS
3.1. Measurement of the residual voids content
For the purpose of this measurement, cores have to be taken from the track at least at four different positions which are equally distributed in the test area between lines AA and BB (see figure 1). In order to avoid inhomogeneity and unevenness in the wheel tracks, cores should not be taken in the wheel tracks themselves, but close to them. Two cores (minimum) should be taken close to the wheel tracks and one core (minimum) should be taken approximately midway between the wheel tracks and each microphone location.
If there is a suspicion that the condition of homogeneity in not met (see section 1.4), cores should be taken from more locations within the test area.
The residual voids content has to be determined for each core. Then the average value from all cores is calculated and compared with the requirement of section 1.1. In addition, no single core should have a voids value which is higher than 10 %.
The test surface constructor is reminded of the problem which may arise when the test area is heated by pipes or electrical wires and cores must be taken from this area. Such installations must be carefully planned with respect to future core drilling locations. It is recommended to leave a few locations of size approximately 200 × 300 mm where there are no wires or pipes, or where the latter are located deep enough in order not to be damaged by cores taken from the surface layer.
3.2. Sound absorption coefficient The sound absorption coefficient (normal incidence) is measured by the impedance tube method using the procedure specified in ISO/DIS 10534: 'Acoustics - Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance by a tube method`.
Regarding test specimens, the same requirements are followed as regarding the residual voids content (see section 3.1).
The sound absorption is measured in the range 400 to 800 Hz and in the range 800 to 1 600 Hz (at least at the centre frequencies of third octave bands) and the maximum values shall be identified for both of these frequency ranges. Then these values, for all test cores, are averged to constitute the final result.
3.3. Volumetric macrotexture measurement
For the purposes of this standard, texture depth measurements are made on at least 10 positions evenly spaced along the wheel tracks of the test strip and the average value taken to compare with the specified minimum texture depth. See Annex F to Draft Standard ISO/DIS 10844 for a description of the procedure.

4. STABILITY IN TIME AND MAINTENANCE
4.1. Age influence
In common with many other surfaces, is it expected that the tyre/road noise levels measured on the test surface may increase slightly during the first six to 12 months after construction.
The surface will achieve its required characteristics not earlier than four weeks after construction.
The stability over time is determined mainly by the polishing and compaction by vehicles driving on the surface. It must be periodically checked as stated in section 1.5.
4.2. Maintenance of the surface
Loose debris or dust which could significantly reduce the effective texture depth must be removed from the surface. In countries with winter climates, salt is sometimes used for de-icing. Salt may alter the surface temporarily or even permanently in such a way as to increase noise and is therefore not recommended.
4.3. Repaving the test area
If it is necessary to repave the test track, it is usually unnecessary to repave more than the test strip (of 3 m width in figure 1) where vehicles are driving provided the test area outside the strip met the requirement of residual voids content or sound absorption when it was measured.

5. DOCUMENTATION OF THE SURFACE AND OF TESTS PERFORMED ON IT
5.1. Documentation of the test surface
The following data must be given in a document describing the test surface:
(a) the location of the test track;
(b) type of binder, binder hardness, type of aggregate, maximum theoretical density of the concrete ('DR`), thickness of the wearing course and grading curve determined from cores from the test track;
(c) method of compaction (e.g. type of roller, roller mass, number of passes);
(d) temperature of the mix, temperature of the ambient air and wind speed during laying of the surface; (
e) date when the surface was laid and contractor;
(f) all or at least the latest test result, including:
(i) the residual voids content of each core;
(ii) the locations in the test area from where the cores for voids measurement have been taken;
(iii) the sound absorption coefficient of each core (if measured). Specify the results both for each core and each frequency range as well as the overall average;
(iv) the locations in the test area from where the cores for absorption measurement have been taken;
(v) texture depth, including the number of tests and standard deviation;
(vi) the institution responsible for tests (i) and (iii) and the type of equipment used;
(vii) date of the test(s) and date when the cores were taken from the test track.
5.2. Documentation of vehicle noise tests concluded on the surface In the document describing the vehicle noise test(s) it must be stated whether all the requirements were fulfilled or not. Reference must be made to a document in accordance with section 5.1.